Psychological Development and Education ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 283-288.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2020.03.04

Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Effect of Public Self-consciousness on Altruistic Behavior under Eye Cues

SUN Conghui1, ZHAO Chunli1,2, WANG Shenglong1   

  1. 1. Teachers College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003;
    2. Center for Psychological Application, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003
  • Published:2020-06-02

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Abstract: The watching eyes effect describes the phenomenon that showing images of watching eyes can change individual's behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with strong trait public self-awareness show more altruistic behavior under conditions of watching eyes. This research aims to study the effect of state public self-consciousness and eye cues on altruistic behavior combing with the dictator game task,while the participants' level of state public self-consciousness are motivated by connecting words to form sentences. The results show that both the state public self-consciousness and eye cues can significantly predict altruistic behavior. Furthermore, initiating the state public self-consciousness under eye cues can promote altruistic behavior. Therefore,the research draws the conclusion that the interaction between the state public self-consciousness and eye cues can effect individuals' altruistic behavior.

Key words: the watching eyes effect, trait public self-consciousness, state public self-consciousness, altruistic behavior

CLC Number: 

  • B844
Baillon, A., Selim, A., & van Dolder, D. (2013). On the social nature of eyes:The effect of social cues in interaction and individual choice tasks. Evolution and Human Behavior, 34(2), 146-154.
Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology letters, 2(3), 412-414.
van Bommel, M., van Prooijen, J. W., Elffers, H., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2012). Be aware to care:Public self-awareness leads to a reversal of the bystander effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(4), 926-930.
Borghesi, R., Houston, J. F., & Naranjo, A. (2014). Corporate socially responsible investments:CEO altruism, reputation, and shareholder interests. Journal of Corporate Finance, 26, 164-181.
Brockner, J., Altman, S., Chalek, H. (1982). Self-focused attention, timing, and helping behavior:A field study. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 8(4), 678-684.
Burnham, T. C., & Hare, B. (2007). Engineering Human Cooperation:Does Involuntary Neural Activation Increase Public Goods Contributions? Human Nature, 18(2), 88-108.
Cai, W., Huang, X., Wu, S., & Kou, Y. (2015). Evolution and Human Behavior Dishonest behavior is not affected by an image of watching eyes. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(2), 110-116.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1985). A Control-Systems Approach to the Self-Regulation of Action. In J. Kuhl & J.Beckmann (Eds.), Action Control:From Cognition to Behavior (pp. 237-265).
Chudek, M., & Henrich, J. (2011). Culture-gene coevolution, norm-psychology and the emergence of human prosociality. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(5), 218-226.
Ekström, M. (2012). Do watching eyes affect charitable giving? Evidence from a field experiment. Experimental Economics, 15(3), 530-546.
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and Private Self-Consciousness:Assessment and Theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 522-527.
Flynn, F. J., Reagans, R. E., Amanatullah, E. T., & Ames, D. R. (2006). Helping one's way to the top:self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom. Journal of personality and social psychology, 91(6), 1123-1137.
Gervais, W. M., & Norenzayan, A. (2012). Like a camera in the sky? Thinking about God increases public self-awareness and socially desirable responding. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1), 298-302.
Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., & Van den Bergh, B. (2010). Going green to be seen:Status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(3), 392-404.
Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M.. (2005). Nobody's watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(3), 245-256.
Kallgren, C. A., Reno, R. R., & Cialdini, R. B. (2000). A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct:When Norms Do and Do not Affect Behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(8), 1002-1012.
Liu, X., Shao, Y., Yang, Y., Wu, S., Yang, H., Wang, W., et al. (2009). The validity and reliability of the revised Chinese version of the Situational Self-Awareness Scale. Social Behavior and Personality, 37(6), 743-752.
Manesi, Z., Van Lange, P. A. M., & Pollet, T. V. (2015). Butterfly eyespots:Their potential influence on aesthetic preferences and conservation attitudes. PLoS ONE, 10(11), 1-21.
Mifune, N., Hashimoto, H., & Yamagishi, T. (2010). Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31(2), 109-117.
Oda, R., Kato, Y., & Hiraishi, K. (2015). The Watching-Eye Effect on Prosocial Lying. Evolutionary Psychology, 13(3), 1-5.
Pfattheicher, S., & Keller, J. (2015). The watching eyes phenomenon:The role of a sense of being seen and public self-awareness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(5), 560-566.
Rigdon, M., Ishii, K., Watabe, M., & Kitayama, S. (2009). Minimal social cues in the dictator game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 358-367.
Shim, M., Lee, M. J., & Park, S. H. (2008). Photograph use on social network sites among South Korean college students:the role of public and private self-consciousness. Cyberpsychology & Behavior?:the Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society, 11(4), 489-493.
Sparks, A., & Barclay, P. (2013). Eye images increase generosity, but not for long:The limited effect of a false cue. Evolution and Human Behavior, 34(5), 317-322.
Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 46(1), 35-57.
Xin, Z., Liu, Y., Yang, Z., & Zhang, H. (2016). Effects of minimal social cues on trust in the investment game. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 19(3), 235-243.
陈慧萍. (2016). 公我意识与过去时间距离对道德心理许可的影响(硕士学位论文). 湖南师范大学,长沙.
丁哲希. (2014). 不道德经历与公我意识对不道德行为的影响(硕士学位论文). 华中师范大学,武汉.
谷传华, 张笑容, 陈洁, 郝恩河, 王亚丽. (2013). 状态与特质之分:来自社会创造性的证据. 心理发展与教育, 29(5), 483-490.
谈晨皓, 王沛, 崔诣晨. (2017). 我会在谁面前舍弃利益?——博弈对象的能力与社会距离对名利博弈倾向的影响. 心理学报, 49(9), 1206-1218.
张雪姣, 刘聪慧. (2017). 亲社会行为中的"眼睛效应." 心理科学进展, 25(3), 475-485.
郑显亮, 顾海根. (2010). 国外利他行为影响因素的研究综述. 外国中小学教育,(9), 51-55.
[1] ZHENG Xianliang, CHEN Huiping, WANG Xue, BAO Zhenzhou. Development Trends of Adolescents’ Internet Altruistic Behavior and the Influence of Social Class: A Longitudinal Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 333-341.
[2] ZHENG Xianliang, XIE Fangwei, DING Liang, WANG Xue. Social Class and College Students' Internet Altruistic Behavior: Moderated Mediating Effect [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(2): 182-189.
[3] DING Zien, LIU Qinxue. Online Social Behavior and Online Altruistic Behavior: The Role of Self-esteem and Public Self-consciousness [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2020, 36(2): 175-183.
[4] LIU Qinxue, SUN Jianing, YU Si. Self-presentation in Online Social Network Sites and Adolescent Online Altruistic Behavior: The Role of Online Social Self-efficacy and Hope [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2019, 35(5): 530-539.
[5] YANG Xinxin, LIU Qinxue, ZHOU Zongkui. The Effect of Online Social Support on Online Altruistic Behavior:The Role of Gratitude and Social Identity [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2017, 33(2): 183-190.
[6] LIU Qinwei, XU Qingchun, LIU Huashan, LIU Qinxue. The Relationship between Online Social Support and Online Altruistic Behavior of College students: A Moderated Mediating Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2016, 32(4): 426-434.
[7] LIU Qinxue, CHEN Wu, ZHOU Zongkui. Internet Use and Online Altruistic Behavior in College Students:The Role of Internet Use Self-efficacy and Gender [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2015, 31(6): 685-693.
[8] LI Wenhui, LI Chan, SHEN Yue, DAN Fei. Effect of Empathy on College Students' Altruistic Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2015, 31(5): 571-577.
[9] ZHENG Xianliang, ZHAO Wei. Relationship between Internet Altruistic Behavior and Hope of Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Self-efficacy and Self-esteem [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2015, 31(4): 428-436.
[10] ZHENG Xian-liang. The Relationship Between Reality Altruistic Behavior and Internet Altruistic Behavior：the Role of Online Social Support [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2013, 29(1): 31-37.
[11] ZHAO Huan-huan, ZHANG He-yun, LIU Qin-xue, WANG Fu-xing, ZHOU Zong-kui. College Students’ Trait Empathy and Internet Altruistic Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Online Social Support [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2012, 28(5): 478-486.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd