Psychological Development and Education ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 212-219.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.02.11

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Relationship between SES and Social Adjustment of Left-over Children: with Perceived Discrimination as The Mediator

SU Zhiqiang, ZHANG Dajun, SHAO Jingjin   

  1. Research Center of Mental Health Education & Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China 400715
  • Online:2015-03-15 Published:2015-03-15

PDF (PC)

Abstract: This study examined the mediation effects of perceived discrimination (including personal and group discrimination) for the relationship between SES and Social adjustment in left-over Children. The participants were 542 Chinese lief-over children with an age range of 10~18years. Data were collected by using SES (three indicators: parental education, parental occupation, household income), Personal/Group discrimination Scale, Postitive/Negative affect Scele, The self-esteem Scale, and Behavior Problem Scale. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant positive relationship between left-over Children's SES and Social adjustment. (2) With respect to the personal discrimination, the Group discrimination mediated the relationship between SES and Social adjustment left-over children; (3) A multi-group analysis indicated the mediation model of Group discrimination was no significant gender differences, and the males with high group discrimination are more likely to have social adjustment problems than the female counterparts.

Key words: lift-over children, social economic status, personal discrimination, group discrimination, social adjustment

CLC Number: 

  • B844
Aneshensel, C. S. (2009). Toward explaining mental health disparities. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50, 377-394.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2003). AMOS 5.0 update to the AMOS user's guide . Chicago, IL:Smallwaters.
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1987). Mannual for the adolescents self-report and profile. University of Vermont.
Armenta, B. E., & Hunt, J. S. (2009). responding to societal devaluation: effects of perceived personal and group discrimination on the ethnic group identification and personal self-esteem of latino/latina adolescents. Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 12(1), 23-39.
Branscombe, N. R., Schmit, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among african americans: implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(1), 135-149.
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and Child development. Annual review of psychology, 53, 371-399.
Dion, K. L., & Kawakami, K. (1996). Ethnicity and perceived discrimination in Toronto: Another look at the personal/group discrimination discrepancy. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 28(3), 203-213.
Elovainio, M., Kivimki, M., Kortteinen, M., & Tuomikoski, H. (2001). Socioceonomic status, hostility and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(3), 303-315.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structureanalysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural EquationModeling, 6, 1-55.
Huston, A.C., & Bentley, A. C. (2010). Human development in societal context. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 411-437.
Hudson, D. L., Puterman, E., Bibbins-Domingo, K., Matthews, K. A., & Adler, N. E.(2013). Race, life course socioeconomic position, racial discrimination, depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Social Science & Medicine, 97, 7-14.
Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Liebkind, K., Horenczyk, G., & Schmitz, P. (2003). The interactive nature of acculturation: Perceived discrimination, acculturation attitudes and stress among young ethnic repatriates in Finland, Israel and Germany. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(1), 79-97.
Kawachi, I., Adler, N. E., & Dow, W. H. (2010). Money, schooling, and health: mechanisms and causal evidence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 56-68.
Liebkind, K., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Solheim, E. (2004). Cultural identity, perceived discrimination, and parental support as determinants of immigrants' school adjustments: Vietnamese youth in Finland. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(6), 635-656.
Mesch, G. S., Turjeman, H., & Fishman, G. (2008). perceived discrimination and the well-being of immigrant adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(5), 592-604.
McLaughlin, K. A., Breslau, J., Green, J. G. Lakoma, M. D., Sampson, N. A. Zaslavsky, A. M., et al. (2011). Childhood socio-economic status and the onset, persistence, and severity of DSM-IV mental disorders in a US national sample. Social Science & Medicine, 73(7), 1088-1096.
Poore, A. G., Gagne, F., Barlow, K. M., & Lydon, J. E. (2002). Contact and the Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy in an Inuit Community. The journal of Psychology: interdisciplinary and applied, 136(4), 371-382.
Pascoe, E. A., & Richman, L. S. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychology Bulletin, 135(4): 531-554.
Qi, C. H., & Kaiser, A. P. (2003). Behavior problems of preschool children from low-income families review of the literature. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 23(4), 188-216.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Reiss, F. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 90, 24-31.
Seaton, E. K. (2006). Examination of a measure of racial discrimination among African American adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(6), 1414-1429.
Seaton, E. K., Caldwell, C. H., Sellers, R. M., & Jackson, J. S. (2008). The prevalence of perceived discrimination among African American and Caribbean Black Youth. Developmental Psychology, 44(5), 1288-1297.
Tonsing, K. N. (2013). Predictors of psychological adaptation of south asian immigrants in hong kong. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(2), 238-248.
Umaa-Taylor, A. J., Wong, J. J., Gonzales, N. A., & Dumka, L. E. (2012). Ethnic identity and gender as moderators of the association between discrimination and academic adjustment among mexican-origin adolescets. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 773-786.
Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S. & Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: socioeconomic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335-351.
安芹, 贾晓明, 李波. (2009). 北京市中学生行为与情绪反应相关性分析. 中国学校卫生, 30(4), 315-317.
蔡华俭. (2003). 内隐自尊效应及内隐自尊与外显自尊的关系. 心理学报, 35(6), 796-801.
陈文锋, 张建新. (2004). 积极/消极情感量表中文版的结构和效度. 中国心理卫生杂志, 18(11), 763-765.
黄飞, 张建新. (2010). 2247名中学生的自我效能、自尊与积极/消极情感. 中国心理卫生杂志, 24(2), 149-152.
范兴华, 方晓义. (2010). 不同监护类型留守儿童与一般儿童问题行为比较. 中国临床心理学杂志, 18(2), 232-234.
范兴华, 方晓义, 刘勤学, 刘杨. (2009). 流动儿童、留守儿童与一般儿童社会适应比较. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 5, 33-40.
方晓义, 李晓铭, 董奇. (1996). 青少年吸烟及其相关因素的研究. 中国心理卫生杂志, 10(2), 77-80.
郝振, 崔丽娟. (2007). 自尊和心理控制源对留守儿童社会适应的影响研究. 心理科学, 3(5), 1199-1201.
纪林芹, 陈亮, 徐夫真, 赵守盈, 张文新. (2011). 童年中晚期同伴侵害对儿童心理社会适应影响的纵向分析. 心理学报, 43(10), 1151-1162
黎志华, 尹霞云, 朱翠英. (2013). 农村留守儿童情绪与行为特征:平均趋势与个体差异. 湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版), 14(3), 35-39.
刘霞, 范兴华, 申继亮. (2007). 初中留守儿童社会支持与问题行为的关系. 心理发展与教育, 3, 98-102.
刘霞, 赵景欣, 师保国. (2011). 歧视知觉的影响效应及其机制. 心理发展与教育, 27(2), 216-223.
刘正奎, 高文斌, 王婷, 王晔. (2007). 农村留守儿童焦虑的特点及影响因素. 中国临床心理学杂志, 15(2), 177-179.
李南, 费忠化, 郭立燕, 张明坤. (2013). 农村小学留守儿童行为问题与校内影响因素. 中国健康心理学杂志, 21(10), 1546-1548.
李晓巍, 刘艳, 屈智勇, (2010). 不同类型农村儿童家庭生态系统的状况及其对儿童自尊的影响. 中国临床心理学杂志, 18(2), 241-246.
黎志华, 尹霞云, 蔡太生, 朱翠英. (2014). 留守儿童情绪和行为问题特征的潜在类别分析:基于个体为中心的研究视角. 心理科学, 37(2), 329-334.
师保国, 申继亮. (2007). 家庭社会经济地位、智力和内部动机与创造性的关系. 心理发展与教育, 1, 30-34.
申继亮, 胡心怡, 刘霞. (2009). 留守儿童歧视知觉特点及与主观幸福感的关系. 河南大学学报(社会科学版), 49(6), 117-121.
桑标, 席居哲. (2005). 家庭生态系统对儿童心理健康发展影响机制的研究. 心理发展与教育, 1, 80-86.
汪向东, 王希林, 马弘. (1999). 心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版). 北京:中国心理卫生杂志社. 318-320.
王建平, 李董平, 张卫. (2010). 家庭经济困难与青少年社会适应的关系:应对效能的补偿、中介和调节效应. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 4, 22-32.
徐礼平, 田宗远, 邝宏达. (2013). 农村留守儿童社会适应状况及其与心理韧性相关性. 中国儿童保健杂志, 21(7), 701-703.
喻永婷, 张富昌. (2010). 留守儿童的主观幸福感及影响因素的研究. 中国健康心理学杂志, 18(6), 738-741.
张卫, 李董平, 谢志杰. (2007). 低社会经济地位与儿童发展. 华南师范大学学报(社科版), 6, 104-112.
赵景欣, 刘霞, 申继亮. (2008). 留守青少年的社会支持网络与其抑郁、孤独之间的关系. 心理发展与教育, 1, 36-42.
[1] LIANG Xi, WANG Zhengyan, YU Jie. Family Socioeconomic Status and Toddlers' Social Adjustment in Rural-to-urban Migration and Urban Families: The Roles of Maternal Sensitivity and Attachment Security [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(6): 792-799.
[2] ZHANG Guangzhen, LIANG Miao, LIANG Zongbao. A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Parenting Styles on Social Adjustment of Preschool Children: Mediating Effects of Self-control [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(6): 800-807.
[3] NIU Gengfeng, LI Zhanxing, WANG Chenxiao, MA Xiaotong, SUN Xiaojun, ZHOU Zongkui. The Influence of Online Parent-child Communication on Left-behind Junior High School Students' Social Adjustment: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2019, 35(6): 678-685.
[4] ZHAO Baobao, JIN Cancan, ZOU Hong. Relations among Parent-adolescent Relationship, Negative Social Adjustment and Internet Addiction of Adolescents: A Mediated Moderation Effect [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2018, 34(3): 353-360.
[5] LIANG Zongbao, HU Rui, ZHANG Guangzhen, DENG Huihua, XIA Min. Bidirectional Relations between Maternal Meta-emotion Philosophy and Children's Social Adjustment among Preschoolers: A Longitudinal Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2016, 32(4): 394-401.
[6] WEI Xing, LV Na, JI Linqin, CHEN Liang, ZHANG Wenxin. Children's Prosocial Behavior and Their Psychosocial Adjustment [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2015, 31(4): 402-410.
[7] ZOU Hong, LIU Yan, ZHANG Wenjuan, JIANG Suo, ZHOU Hui, YU Yibing. Adolescents' Social Adjustment: A Conceptual model, Assessment and Multiple Protective and Risk Factors [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2015, 31(1): 29-36.
[8] HOU Ke, LIU Yan, QU Zhi-yong, JIANG Suo. The Social Adjustment of Left-behind Children in Rural China:A Propensity Score Analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2014, 30(6): 646-655.
[9] SHI Lei-shan, CHEN Ying-min, HOU Xiu, GAO Feng-qiang. Social Economic Status and Study Engagement：The Mediating Effects of Academic Self-efficacy among Junior High School Students [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2013, 29(1): 71-78.
[10] LIU Wen-jing, XU Zhi-xing, ZOU Hong. The Effect of Parenting on Social Adjustment of Adolescents:Personality as a Moderator [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2012, 28(6): 625-633.
[11] ZHANG Wen-juan, ZOU Hong, LIANG Yu-ling. The Characteristics of Adolescents’ Parental Support and Their Effects on Their Social Adjustment:the Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2012, 28(2): 160-166.
[12] LIANG Zong-bao, SUN Ling, ZHANG Guang-zhen, CHEN Hui-chang, ZHANG Ping. The Relations between Paternal Emotional Expressivity and Children’s Social Adjustment: Moderate Effect of Child Temperament [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2011, 27(4): 351-358.
[13] ZHANG Wen-juan, ZOU Hong, LI Xiao-wei. Current Status of Adolescents Parental Monitoring and its Effect on Their Social Adjustment [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2011, 27(3): 267-273.
[14] JIN Can-can, ZOU Hong, ZENG Rong, DOU Dong-hui. The Trait of Attachment and the Effect of Attachment on Social Adjustment of Middle School Students: Parents Intimacy as a Moderator [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2010, 26(6): 577-583.
[15] LI Cai-na, ZHANG Man, FENG Jian-xin. Family Functioning and Social Adjustment:the Mediating Effect of Autonomy [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2010, 26(4): 371-377.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd