相似和相同语言标签对幼儿归纳推理的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为进一步检验相似语言标签的效应,采用经典的三角属性归纳范式,通过两个实验研究了"相似/相同"的真实语言标签对4岁幼儿归纳推理的影响.在实验一中,三角范式中的三个刺激物属于同一类别,在实验二中,三个刺激物属于两种不同的类别.每个实验均有三种条件:在控制条件中,实验者用"这个"指代每个客体;在相似语言标签条件中,靶刺激与知觉不相似的比较刺激具有相同的、且暗示了类别成员关系的词素(例如,翠鸟—飞机—鸵鸟);在相同语言标签条件中,靶刺激和知觉不相似的比较刺激共享相同的语言标签(例如,鸟—飞机—鸟).结果一致显示,与控制条件相比,幼儿在相似语言标签条件下表现出了更多的基于概念的归纳,表明在真实语言标签条件下也存在相似语言标签效应.同时,研究结果也显示,幼儿在相似和相同语言标签条件下的归纳没有显著差异,说明语言标签在幼儿归纳中更可能传递了概念信息,从而挑战了Sloutsky等的理论.

关键词: 归纳推理, 语言标签效应, 相似语言标签, 相同语言标签, 幼儿

Abstract: It is debated that labels are perceptual or conceptual information in children's induction.Sloutsky and Fisher(2012) firstly reported that similar artifical labels could induce more label-based induction in children,suggested that labels were perceptual attributes.Following Sloutsky and Fisher(2012),in the present study,Chinese children's induction were tested with realistic labels and realistic line drawings,by using control condition,similar label condition and indentical label condition.Similar to triad properties induction task,each triad included target item,perceptual comparison item which was similar to target,and conceptual comparison item which was dissimilar to target.In the control condition,experimenters used "this one"to refer stimulus.In the similar label condition,target and conceptual comparisom item were similar labels which both involved a morpheme which hinted the categorical membership(e.g.,cuiniao-tuoniao).In the identical label condtion,target and the conceptual comparison item share indentical label(e.g.,niao-niao).In experiment 1,three items in each triad belong to one category;in experiment 2,three items in each triad belong to two kinds of categories.The results showed that children made more label-based induction in similar and indentical labels than in control condition,but there was no significant difference between similar and indentical label conditions.The data suggested that(1) similar reality labels could also enhance Chinese children's label-based induction;and(2) labels may have "dual properties"in early induction.

Key words: label effects, similar labels, indentical labels, children

中图分类号:

B844.1

龙长权, 李红, 邓小凤, 袁颖, 李军, 雷怡. 相似和相同语言标签对幼儿归纳推理的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2012, 28(3): 239-247.

LONG Chang-quan, LI Hong, DENG Xiao-feng, YUAN Ying, LI Jun, LEI Yi. What’s in a name? Similar and indentical labels in Chinese children’s induction[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2012, 28(3): 239-247.

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