操作编码中的表象衰退会降低老年人的操作效应

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.05.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 老年人操作效应的衰退可能与表象加工能力下降相关，本研究旨在探讨表象加工衰退是否为其操作效应下降的主要原因。实验1采用被试操作任务范式，要求老年人与年轻人以操作、表象、语词三种编码方式记忆动名词短语，结果显示老年人表象编码条件下的操作效应显著低于年轻人，表明表象编码对老年人操作效应的促进作用显著弱于年轻人。实验2新增操作+观看、表象+观看两种编码方式，探究增强表象加工对操作效应的影响，发现表象加工增强条件下老年人的操作效应显著高于未增强条件，而对年轻人无影响，证实增强表象加工可提升老年人操作效应。综上，本研究证实，操作编码中老年人表象加工的衰退是其操作效应下降的关键因素。

关键词: 老年人, SPT效应, 表象编码, 操作编码, 观看他人操作

Abstract: The decline of the subject performed task (SPT) effect in the elderly may be related to the decrease in imagery processing ability. Therefore, the present study explored whether the decline in imagery processing contributes to the decreased SPT effect in the elderly people.In experiment 1, young and elderly people were asked to memorize verb-noun phrases using three encoding strategies: performance encoding, imagery encoding, and verbal encoding. Results indicated that elderly people showed a smaller SPT effect than young people under the imagery encoding condition, confirming that imagery processing significantly reduced the SPT effect in the elderly compared with the young people. Experiment 2, based on Experiment 1, added two additional encoding types, namely “performance+observation” and “imagery+observation”, to explore whether enhancing imagery processing could improve its the SPT effect.The results showed that the SPT effect was significantly enhanced in elderly people with the strengthening of imagery processing, whereas no such effect was observed in the young people. It was confirmed that compared with the young people, the enhancement of imagery processing could significantly improve the SPT effect in the elderly. In conclusion, the research confirmed that the decline in imagery processing in performance encoding is a key factor contributing to the decrease in SPT effect in the elderly.

Key words: elderly people, SPT effect, imagery encoding, performance encoding, observation of others’ performance

中图分类号:

B844

马嘉琳, 雷贵莉, 李永鑫. 操作编码中的表象衰退会降低老年人的操作效应[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(5): 630-639.

MA Jialin, LEI Guili, LI Yongxin. The Decline of Imagery Processing in Performance Encoding is the Key Factor for the Decrease of the SPT Effect in the Elderly[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(5): 630-639.

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