父亲、母亲教养行为对幼儿社会适应的影响:同胞关系的作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.04.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 父母、同胞作为家庭系统的重要组成,对幼儿社会适应均有重要影响,但少有研究探讨父母和同胞如何共同影响幼儿社会适应,且父、母亲在这一过程中的影响是否存在差异,仍缺乏充分的实证证据。本研究以352名3～6岁幼儿的家庭为研究对象,进行为期半年的追踪研究,探讨父母积极、消极教养对幼儿社会技能与问题行为的影响,同胞关系(亲密与冲突)在其中的作用,以及父母角色差异。结果发现:(1)父、母积极教养均能通过同胞亲密预测幼儿社会技能与问题行为;(2)父、母消极教养均能通过同胞冲突预测问题行为,同胞冲突在父、母消极教养对社会技能的影响中的作用不显著;(3)父、母积极教养对幼儿社会技能的影响存在差异,母亲积极教养能够直接影响幼儿社会技能,而父亲积极教养不能。研究从家庭系统中父母和同胞两个子系统的角度为促进儿童社会适应提供指导性建议。

关键词: 父亲教养, 母亲教养, 同胞关系, 社会技能, 问题行为

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the comprehensive two-child policy, the present study aimed to explore the effects of paternal and maternal parenting on the social development of preschool children, as well as the potential role of sibling relationships. A follow-up survey was conducted among 352 families of preschool children. In this study, the Child-Rearing Practices Report, Child Behavior Checklist, Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales, and Sibling Relationship Scale were utilized to assess parenting practices, problem behaviors, social skills, and sibling relationships, respectively. The results were as follows: (1) Sibling warmth mediated the relationships between maternal and paternal positive parenting and both children’s social skills and problem behaviors; (2) Sibling conflict mediated the relationship between maternal and paternal negative parenting and children’s problem behaviors, but not their social skills; (3) Maternal positive parenting directly predicted children’s social skills, whereas paternal positive parenting showed no significant predictive effect. The present study further revealed the underlying mechanisms linking paternal and maternal positive parenting to social adjustment among preschool children. Specific practical implications and directions for future research were discussed.

Key words: paternal parenting, maternal parenting, sibling relationships, social skills, problem behaviors

中图分类号:

B844

邬钟灵, 陈亮. 父亲、母亲教养行为对幼儿社会适应的影响:同胞关系的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(4): 478-489.

WU Zhongling, CHEN Liang. The Effect of Paternal and Maternal Parenting on Social Adjustment among Preschool Children: The Role of Sibling Relationships[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(4): 478-489.

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