孤独感对创造性倾向的影响：无聊倾向和焦虑情绪的中介作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2024.01.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨孤独感和大学生创造性倾向的关系,基于激活假说,采用孤独感自评量表、简版无聊倾向量表、广泛性焦虑量表和威廉姆斯创造力倾向测验,对11所高校一至四年级的974位大学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)在控制了性别、年龄后,孤独感、无聊、焦虑和创造性倾向两两之间均存在显著正相关;(2)孤独感对大学生创造性倾向具有显著的正向预测作用;(3)孤独感不仅通过无聊和焦虑的单独中介作用对创造性倾向产生影响,同时还会通过无聊和焦虑的链式中介作用对其创造性倾向产生影响。本研究揭示了孤独感与创造性倾向的关系及其作用机制,为引导大学生正视孤独感对创造性倾向的积极影响,更好地促进自我调节提供了建议。

关键词: 创造性倾向, 孤独感, 无聊, 焦虑, 大学生

Abstract: The present study investigated the relationship between loneliness and creative inclination of college students on the basis of the activation hypothesis. 974 college students from grade one to grade four in 11 universities were investigated with the help of UCLA Loneliness Scale, Boredom Proneness Scale-Short Form, the 7-item Anxiety Sale (GAD-7), and the Williams Creativity Assessment Packet (CAP). The results are as followings: (1) There were significant positive correlations between loneliness, boredom, anxiety, and creative inclination after controlling the two variables of gender and age; (2) Loneliness has a significantly positive prediction effect on college students' creative inclination; (3) The effect of loneliness on creative inclination was not only explained by the simple mediating role of boredom and anxiety but also explained by the chain mediation role of boredom and anxiety. This study reveals the relationship between loneliness and creative inclination and its mechanism, and provides suggestions for guiding college students to face up to the positive influence of loneliness on creative tendency and better promote self-regulation.

Key words: creative inclination, loneliness, boredom, anxiety, college students

中图分类号:

B844

张慧如, 张伟达, 傅王倩, 邓敏, 彭苏浩, 李玉. 孤独感对创造性倾向的影响：无聊倾向和焦虑情绪的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 132-141.

ZHANG Huiru, ZHANG Weida, FU Wangqian, DENG Min, PENG Suhao, LI Yu. The Influence of Loneliness on Creative Inclination: Mediating Role of Boredom and Anxiety[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(1): 132-141.

参考文献

Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity:A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357-376.
Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., & Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 367-403.
Anderson, A., Japardi, K., Knudsen, K. S., Bookheimer, S. Y., Ghahremani, D. G., & Bilder, R. M. (2022). Big-C creativity in artists and scientists is associated with more random global but less random local fMRI functional connectivity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. Advance online publication.https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000463
Baas, M., De Dreu, Carsten K. W., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research:Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 779-806.
Bai, Z. L., Wang, Z. J., Shao, T. T., Qin, X., & Hu, Z. (2021). Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults:A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1), 26-35.
Barreto, M., Victor, C., Hammond, C., Eccles, A., Richins, M. T., & Qualter, P. (2021). Loneliness around the world:Age, gender, and cultural differences in loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 110066.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110066
Bender, S. W., Nibbelink, B., Towner-Thyrum, E., & Vredenburg, D. (2013). Defining characteristics of creative women. Creativity Research Journal, 25(1), 38-47.
Benedek, M., Bruckdorfer, R., & Jauk, E. (2019). Motives for creativity:Exploring the what and why of everyday creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(3), 610-625.
Beutel., M. E., Klein., E. M., Brähler., E., Reiner., I., Jünger., C., Michal., M., … Tibubos., A. N. (2017). Loneliness in the general population:Prevalence, determinants and relations to mental health. BMC Psychiatry, 17(6), 655-672.
Brem, A., & Puente-Díaz, R. (2020). Creativity, innovation, sustainability:A conceptual model for future research efforts. Sustainability, 12(8), 3139.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083139
Brissett, D., & Snow, R. P. (1993). Boredom:Where the future isn't. Symbolic Interaction, 16(3), 237-256.
Buecker, S., Mund, M., Chwastek, S., Sostmann, M., & Luhmann, M. (2021). Is loneliness in emerging adults increasing over time? A preregistered cross-temporal meta-analysis and systematic review. Psychological Bulletin, 147(8), 787-256.
Castillo-Vergara, M., Galleguillos, N. B., Cuello, L. J., Alvarez-Marin, A., & Acuña-Opazo, C. (2018). Does socioeconomic status influence student creativity? Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 142-152.
Chen, P., Chang, T., & Wu, C. (2020). Effects of gamified classroom management on the divergent thinking and creative tendency of elementary students. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 36, 100664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100664
Chung, D. (2018). The eight stages of psychosocial protective development:Developmental psychology.Journal of Behavioral & Brain Science, 8(6), 369-398.
Corsano, P., Musetti, A., & Favari, D. (2020). Self-concept, loneliness, and voluntary aloneness during late childhood. Current Psychology, 41(3), 1414-1424.
Cramer, K. M., & Neyedley, K. A. (1998). Sex differences in loneliness:The role of masculinity and femininity. Sex Roles:A Journal of Research, 38(7-8), 645-653.
Dai, D. Y., & Shen, J. (2008). Cultivating creative potential during adolescence:A developmental and educational perspective. Korean Journal of Thinking & Problem Solving, 18(1), 83-92.
Danckert, J., Hammerschmidt, T., Marty-Dugas, J., & Smilek, D. (2018). Boredom:Under-aroused and restless. Consciousness and Cognition:An International Journal, 61, 24-37.
Danckert, J., & Merrifield, C. (2018). Boredom, sustained attention and the default mode network. Experimental Brain Research, 236(9), 2507-2518.
De Dreu, Carsten K. W., Baas, M., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). Hedonic tone and activation level in the mood-creativity link:Toward a dual pathway to creativity model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(5), 739-756.
Dodeen, H., & Hassan, A. (2021). Assessing loneliness in UAE populations:The relationship with age, gender, marital status, and academic performance. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(2), 775-786.
Du, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, X., Xie, C., Liu, C., Hu, W., & Li, Y. (2021). A positive role of negative mood on creativity:The opportunity in the crisis of the COVID-19 epidemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 600837. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.600837
Duan, H., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Xue, W., Kan, Y., Hu, W., & Zhang, F. (2019). Acute stress shapes creative cognition in trait anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1517.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01517
Dumas, D., Doherty, M., & Organisciak, P. (2020). The psychology of professional and student actors:Creativity, personality, and motivation. PLoS ONE, 15(10), e0240728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240728
Egan, A., Maguire, R., Christophers, L., & Rooney, B. (2017). Developing creativity in higher education for 21st century learners:A protocol for a scoping review. International Journal of Educational Research, 82, 21-27.
Elpidorou, A. (2014). The bright side of boredom. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1245.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01245
Elpidorou, A. (2018). The good of boredom. Philosophical Psychology, 31(3), 323-351.
Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance:Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336-353.
Fahlman, S. A., Mercer-Lynn, K., Flora, D. B., & Eastwood, J. D. (2013). Development and validation of the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale. Assessment, 20(1), 68-85.
Foo, M., Uy, M. A., & Baron, R. A. (2009). How do feelings influence effort? An empirical study of entrepreneurs' affect and venture effort. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 1086-1094.
Forgeard, M., Corcoran, E., Beard, C., & Björgvinsson, T. (2020). Relationships between depression, self-reflection, brooding, and creative thinking in a psychiatric sample. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 14(3), 325-333.
Gafoor, S. A. (2020). Workplace loneliness and employee creativity from a positive perspective. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 9(6), 244-262.
Ghinea, V. M., Mihaylova, L., & Papazov, E. (2015). Organizational culture dynamics complex systems dynamics. Calitatea, 16(147), 99-105.
Glicksohn, J., & Boikova, O. (2018). Mood and creativity over time in a bipolar participant. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 52(1), 66-79.
Gulzar, M. A., Ahmad, M., Hassan, M., & Rasheed, M. I. (2021). How social media use is related to student engagement and creativity:Investigating through the lens of intrinsic motivation. Behaviour & Information Technology, 41(11),2283-2293.
Harris, M. B. (2000). Correlates and characteristics of boredom proneness and boredom. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(3), 576-598.
Hopmeyer, A., Beatrice, T., Katarzyna, A., Corbitt, H. D., DeCoste, K., & Troop-Gordon, W. (2022). The lonely collegiate:An examination of the reasons for loneliness among emerging adults in college in the western united states and west-central poland. Emerging Adulthood, 10(1), 237-248.
Hwang, T. J., & Choi, J. N. (2020). Different moods lead to different creativity:Mediating roles of ambiguity tolerance and team identification. Creativity Research Journal, 32(2), 161-173.
Kahlon, M. K., Aksan, N., Aubrey, R., Clark, N., Cowley-Morillo, M., Jacobs, E. A., … Tomlinson, S. (2021). Effect of layperson-delivered, empathy-focused program of telephone calls on loneliness, depression, and anxiety among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic:A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(6), 616-622.
Landmann, H., & Rohmann, A. (2022). When loneliness dimensions drift apart:Emotional, social and physical loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown and its associations with age, personality, stress and well-being. International Journal of Psychology, 57(1), 63-72.
Lee, F. K. S., & Zelman, D. C. (2019). Boredom proneness as a predictor of depression, anxiety and stress:The moderating effects of dispositional mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 146, 68-75.
Lim, S., & Smith, J. (2008). The structural relationships of parenting style, creative personality, and loneliness. Creativity Research Journal, 20(4), 412-419.
Liu, H., Zhang, M., Yang, Q., & Yu, B. (2020). Gender differences in the influence of social isolation and loneliness on depressive symptoms in college students:A longitudinal study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology:The International Journal for Research in Social and Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health Services, 55(2), 251-257.
Long, C. R., & Averill, J. R. (2003). Solitude:An exploration of benefits of being alone. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(1), 21-44.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect:Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855.
Maner, J. K., DeWall, C. N., Baumeister, R. F., & Schaller, M. (2007). Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the "porcupine problem.". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), 42-55.
Michinov, E., & Michinov, N. (2021). Stay at home! When personality profiles influence mental health and creativity during the COVID-19 lockdown. Current Psychology, 42, 5650-5661.
Nguyen, T. T., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2018). Solitude as an approach to affective self-regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(1), 92-106.
Ost Mor, S., Palgi, Y., & Segel-Karpas, D. (2021). The definition and categories of positive solitude:Older and younger adults' perspectives on spending time by themselves. The International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 93(4), 943-962.
Park, J. H., Niu, W., Cheng, L., & Allen, H. (2021). Fostering creativity and critical thinking in college:A cross-cultural investigation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 760351.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.760351
Pauly, T., Chu, L., Zambrano, E., Gerstorf, D., & Hoppmann, C. A. (2021). COVID-19, time to oneself, and loneliness:Creativity as a resource. The Journals of Gerontology:Series B, 77(4), e30-e35.
Runco, M. A., & Jaeger, G. J. (2012). The standard definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 92-96.
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42(3), 290-294.
Schultz, N. R., & Moore, D. (1986). The loneliness experience of college students:Sex differences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12(1), 111-119.
Shi, B., Lu, Y., Dai, D. Y., & Lin, C. (2013). Relationships between migration to urban settings and children's creative inclinations. Creativity Research Journal, 25(3), 300-311.
Shin, J., & Kim, K. (2019). Loneliness increases attention to negative vocal tone in an auditory Stroop task. Personality and Individual Differences, 137, 144-146.
Skues, J., Williams, B. J., & Wise, L. (2017). Personality traits, boredom, and loneliness as predictors of Facebook use in on-campus and online university students. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 7(2), 36-48.
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder:The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
Stein, & Morris, I. (1953). Creativity and Culture.The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary and Applied, 36(2), 311-322.
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1991). Creating creative minds. Phi Delta Kappan, 72(8), 608-614.
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1995). Defying the crowd:Cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity. Free Press, New York, NY.
Struk, A. A., Carriere, J. S. A., Cheyne, J. A., & Danckert, J. (2017). A short Boredom Proneness Scale:Development and psychometric properties. Assessment, 24(3), 346-359.
Tick, E. (1988). Creativity and loneliness.The Psychotherapy Patient, 4(1), 131-137.
Vaarmets, T. (2018). Gender, academic abilities and postsecondary educational choices. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 10(3), 380-398.
VanKleef, G. A. (2009). How emotions regulate social life:The emotions as social information (EASI) model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(3), 184-188.
Vanhalst, J., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., Van Petegem, S., Weeks, M. S., & Asher, S. R. (2015). Why do the lonely stay lonely? Chronically lonely adolescents' attributions and emotions in situations of social inclusion and exclusion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), 932-948.
von Soest, T., Luhmann, M., Hansen, T., & Gerstorf, D. (2020). Development of loneliness in midlife and old age:Its nature and correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 118(2), 388-406.
Westgate, E. C. (2020). Why boredom is interesting. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(1), 33-40.
Westgate, E. C., Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2017). With a little help for our thoughts:Making it easier to think for pleasure. Emotion, 17(5), 828-839.
Williams, F. E. (1971). Assessing pupil-teacher behaviors related to a cognitive-affective teaching model.Journal of Research and Development in Education, 4(3), 14-22.
方杰, 张敏强, 邱皓政. (2012). 中介效应的检验方法和效果量测量:回顾与展望. 心理发展与教育, 28(1), 105-111.
林幸台, 王木荣. (1999). 威廉斯创造力测验. 台湾:心理出版社.
刘晓陵, 刘路, 邱燕霞, 金瑜, 周隽. (2016). 威廉斯创造力测验的信效度检验. 基础教育, 13(3), 51-58.
彭嘉熙, 彭鑫鹏, 黄荷, 曾子芸, 吕京哲, 丁潇潇, 苗丹民. (2019). 单维短式无聊倾向量表在大学生群体的信效度检验. 中国临床心理学杂志, 27(2), 282-285+231.
申继亮, 王鑫, 师保国. (2005). 青少年创造性倾向的结构与发展特征研究. 心理发展与教育, 21(4), 28-33.
温忠麟, 叶宝娟. (2014). 中介效应分析:方法和模型发展. 心理科学进展, 22(5), 731-745.
叶宝娟, 周秀秀, 夏扉. (2021). 拒绝敏感性、情绪表达矛盾和孤独感的关系:个体为中心的视角. 中国临床心理学杂志, 29(3), 614-617.
衣新发, 鲍文慧, 李梦, 敖选鹏. (2020). 斯滕伯格及其创造力研究. 贵州民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版), (5), 140-163.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, (6), 942-950.
周浩, 王琦, 董妍. (2012). 无聊:一个久远而又新兴的研究主题. 心理科学进展, 20(1), 98-107.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

[1]	毕爽, 朱华琳, 周晖. 每日父母教养焦虑与儿童亲社会行为的动态关系:正念教养的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(4): 490-501.
[2]	唐凤华, 翟予童, 李家瑶, 王芳. 是在“卷”我吗？大学生学业零和信念影响对他人努力的解读及其后果[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(4): 512-524.
[3]	卢富荣, 江世涛, 温梦雨, 王丽娴, 张亚丽, 张彩. 父母教育焦虑和教育卷入一致性对初中生学习投入的差异化影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(4): 553-562.
[4]	刘颖, 刘儒德, 毛晨莹, 林静敏, 刘佳彬. 在线视频学习中教师反馈时间和反馈复杂性对大学生学习投入的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(3): 408-417.
[5]	万欢兰, 牛宇洁, 王博晨, 金灿灿. 大学生人生目标、自我控制和学业倦怠间的关系:一项纵向研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(3): 418-426.
[6]	张梅, 黄扬, 于嘉雯, 黄四林. 媒体多任务对大学生阅读绩效的影响：任务难度和类型的调节[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(2): 222-233.
[7]	赵笑梅, 赵昕睿, 王珂珂. 大学生图文信息知识整合的加工:来自ERP的证据[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 18-27.
[8]	丁越, 刘力嘉, 寇彧. 互联网时代的大学生人际关系满意度:线上积极反馈与感知社会支持的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 39-49.
[9]	王祯, 史保莹, 赵好莉, 郭云飞, 王恩国. 情感教学代理的情绪表达和角色对视频学习的影响:学习者经验的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 60-69.
[10]	向燕辉, 马丽平, 胡芸绮, 李晓军. 青少年心理适应与内外攻击的关联:基于追踪和周记法的证据[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 85-97.
[11]	杨淑芸, 李紫涵, 任萍. 欺凌受害对早期青少年自伤的影响:孤独感与情绪调节策略的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(1): 121-130.
[12]	魏军, 羿聪, 周溪亭. 大学生基于学业表现的自我价值感与学业内卷行为的关联:基于潜变量增长模型分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(5): 692-700.
[13]	汤佳怡, 付成妤, 徐慰. 青少年家庭功能对抑郁和社交焦虑的影响:公正世界信念的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(5): 701-709.
[14]	焦姣, 牡丹, 史璐. 亲密关系满意度对大学生主观幸福感的影响:一项日记追踪研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(5): 720-729.
[15]	王凌飞, 张明明, 袁柯曼, 边玉芳. 父母教养效能感与青少年焦虑的关系:过度教养与亲子冲突的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(4): 539-549.