贫困损害儿童执行功能的作用机制

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2022.01.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 贫困儿童往往表现出较差的执行功能，贫困的长期危害甚至持续到成人期。为揭示贫困与儿童执行功能弱化之间的作用机制，已有研究分别从行为、生理和脑层面开展了探索。本文沿着行为-生理-脑的内在联系与思路，系统地梳理了有关单一风险、累积风险、剥夺性风险、适应负荷以及前额叶结构和功能等内在机制的最新研究。最后提出未来研究可以关注贫困对儿童执行功能某些成分的塑造、聚焦剥夺性风险因素的作用机制、开展适应负荷生理机制和相关脑区激活的认知神经机制等方面的研究，以构建行为-生理-脑的整合框架，进一步拓展未来研究领域。

关键词: 贫困儿童, 执行功能, 累积风险, 适应负荷, 额叶区域

Abstract: Children from low socioeconomic status backgrounds generally show poorer executive function performances, which may far reach into their adulthood as compared to their peers from more affluent families. In response to reveal the underlying mechanism between poverty and children's executive function, significant research efforts have been made from a range of levels, such as behavior, physiological and brain level. In this review, the relationship between poverty and children executive function was studied comprehensively by systematical reviewing of recent research literatures on cumulative risk, adaptive load and prefrontal structure and function. It is important to note that several aspects such as the positive effect of poverty on certain components of children's executive function, the mechanism of deprivation risk, adaptive load and the neural mechanism of related brain areas are necessary for future study. Additionally, an integrated framework of behavior-physiology-brain underlying the poverty is introduced for expanding future research fields.

Key words: poor children, executive function, cumulative risk, allostatic load, frontal regions

中图分类号:

B844

任屹, 黄四林. 贫困损害儿童执行功能的作用机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(1): 134-143.

REN Yi, HUANG Silin. The Mechanisms of Poverty Impedes Children's Executive Function[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(1): 134-143.

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