班级环境如何影响受欺负者的适应？健康环境悖论及其发生机制

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.02.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “健康环境悖论”是指在受欺负水平相对较低的环境中，受欺负个体有更多的适应问题。通过梳理相关实证研究，本文从人际与认知两大方面分析健康环境悖论的发生机制。人际机制强调健康环境会影响同伴群体对于受欺负者的态度和受欺负者的友谊，这些不良的人际关系进一步加剧受欺负者的适应困难。认知机制认为健康环境会通过向上的社会比较和消极归因方式，影响受欺负者的适应问题。最后，我们讨论了中国文化背景下“健康环境悖论”的适用性问题、未来研究的发展方向和对于干预实践的建议。

关键词: 受欺负, 班级环境, 健康环境悖论

Abstract: The “Healthy Context Paradox” is defined as the phenomenon that victims are more likely to be maladjusted in “healthy” contexts, such as classrooms where level of victimization is relatively low, where the proportion of victims had decreased over time and where an anti-bullying program was successfully implemented. In the existing literatures, there are two possible mechanisms explaining for this phenomenon, i.e, the interpersonal process and the cognitive process hypotheses. The interpersonal mechanism highlights that healthy context might cause peers' more negative evaluation towards the victims and reduce victims' friendship opportunities, and such maladaptive interpersonal relationships in turn worsen victims' adjustment. The cognitive mechanism posits that healthy context has a negative impact on victims' maladjustment through influencing on upward social comparison and passive attribution style. Finally, we discussed the generalizability of healthy context paradox in Chinese culture context, pointed out future research directions and proposed practical implications.

Key words: bullying victimization, classroom context, healthy context paradox

中图分类号:

B844

刘晓薇, 潘斌, 李腾飞, 张文新, Christina Salmivalli. 班级环境如何影响受欺负者的适应？健康环境悖论及其发生机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(2): 298-304.

LIU Xiaowei, PAN Bin, LI Tengfei, ZHANG Wenxin, Christina Salmivalli. How Does Classroom Environment Impact the Victims' Adjustments? Healthy Context Paradox and Its Mechanisms[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(2): 298-304.

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