母亲依恋风格与孤独症谱系障碍儿童母子依恋:母亲教养方式的中介作用

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2020.01.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 早期依恋对孤独症谱系障碍（Autism Spectrum Disorders，简称ASD）儿童的心理健康、人际关系以及未来的社会融合有重要影响。本研究采用问卷调查法，对从北京、青岛、郑州、武汉、无锡和赤峰市等地28所融合幼儿园中筛选出来的210名ASD儿童及其母亲进行施测，考察母亲的依恋风格对ASD儿童母子依恋的影响，以及母亲教养方式在其中的中介作用。研究发现：（1）总体而言，ASD儿童与母亲之间的依恋关系总体状况良好；轻度ASD儿童的母子依恋水平显著高于中度、重度ASD儿童；（2）母亲依恋回避、依恋焦虑与ASD儿童母子依恋均呈显著负相关；母亲关爱、鼓励自主与ASD儿童母子依恋均呈显著正相关，母亲控制与ASD儿童母子依恋呈显著负相关；母亲依恋回避、依恋焦虑与母亲关爱均呈显著负相关，与母亲控制均呈显著正相关；（3）母亲关爱在母亲依恋回避与ASD儿童母子依恋之间起部分中介作用，母亲关爱、母亲控制在母亲依恋焦虑与ASD儿童母子依恋之间起完全中介作用。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍儿童, 依恋, 教养方式

Abstract: The current study investigated the impact of maternal attachment and parenting style on attachment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and explored the mediation effects of maternal parenting style on the relationship between maternal attachment and attachment in children with ASD. The results revealed that:(1) The average score of attachment in children with ASD exceeded the theoretical median value, indicating that children with ASD could establish well attachment relationships with their mothers. Specifically, greater severity of autistic symptom was consistently associated with lower attachment security. (2) The quality of attachment in children with ASD was negatively related to maternal attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety and maternal control, and positively related to maternal care and maternal encourage autonomy. (3) Maternal care partly mediated the relationship between maternal attachment avoidance and attachment in children with ASD. Moreover, Maternal care and maternal control played fully mediated roles between maternal attachment anxiety and attachment in children with ASD.

Key words: children with autism spectrum disorder, attachment, parenting style

侯雨佳, 颜廷睿, 邓猛. 母亲依恋风格与孤独症谱系障碍儿童母子依恋:母亲教养方式的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(1): 28-37.

HOU Yujia, YAN Tingrui, DENG Meng. The Impact of Maternal Attachment Style on Attachment of Children with ASD: The Mediating Role of Maternal Parenting Style[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2020, 36(1): 28-37.

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