公正世界信念对大学生助人意愿的影响：责任归因和帮助代价的作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用个人公正世界信念量表、自编的助人假设情境，先后以198名、415名大学生为被试，通过两项研究考察了责任归因和帮助代价在个人公正世界信念影响个体助人意愿中的作用。结果表明：（1）个人公正世界信念及个体对受困者遭遇的外归因，均可以显著正向预测个体的助人意愿，但个人公正世界信念与责任归因之间无显著相关。控制性别、年级和社会称许性的影响后，个体对受困者遭遇的外归因及个人公正世界信念分别可以解释5.7%和6%的变异；（2）个人公正世界信念对助人意愿的作用受到帮助代价与责任归因的调节，只有在低代价、外归因的条件下，个人公正世界信念越强，助人意愿才越高。这些结果对亲社会行为的促进具有重要启示。

关键词: 公正世界信念, 助人意愿, 责任归因, 帮助代价

Abstract: We conducted two studies to examine the effect of the attribution of responsibility and the cost of helping on the relationship between belief in a just world (BJW) and intention to help people in need, using BJW scale and hypothetical scenarios about helping. Study 1 (n =198) found that both BJW and the attribution of responsibility positively predicted the intention to help people in need. After controlling for grade, gender and social desirability, the attribution of responsibility and BJW accounted for 5.7% and 6% of the variance of intention to help, respectively. In Study 2 (n =415), we manipulated the attribution of responsibility and the cost of helping. We found that the effect of BJW on intention to help was moderated by attribution of responsibility and cost of helping, such that only when the cost of helping was low and people in need was not responsible for his plight, BJW positively predicted intention to help. Implications for promoting prosocial behavior are discussed.

Key words: belief in a just world, intention to help people in need, attribution of responsibility, the cost of helping

中图分类号:

B844.3

姬旺华, 张兰鸽, 寇彧. 公正世界信念对大学生助人意愿的影响：责任归因和帮助代价的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2014, 30(5): 496-503.

JI Wang-hua, ZHANG Lan-ge, KOU Yu. How the Belief in a Just World Influence College Student’s Intention to Help People in Need：The Role of Attribution of Responsibility and the Cost of Helping[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2014, 30(5): 496-503.

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