愤怒的聚光灯效应对个体新闻阅读的归因影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 最初情绪的聚光灯理论仅从效价角度出发，解释了情绪通过影响注意范围，干涉个体归因，没有针对其它情绪（譬如愤怒）做进一步验证。本研究通过2（情绪）×2（因素显著性）×2（性别）的被试间实验设计，进一步揭示了愤怒的聚光灯效应对个体新闻类信息归因的影响方式。共有243名在校学生参加实验，其中男生99名，年龄在19~25岁之间。本研究将原有的锚式（anchor）归因计分改为对显著和非显著信息独立计分。结果发现：愤怒对个体归因的影响结果与负性情绪的聚光灯效应相一致，并且具有双向性。一方面增加了对显著因素的归因倾向，一方面抑制对非显著的归因素因倾向，且不存在性别差异。另外，本研究发现新闻中某一信息的显著程度亦会造成归因偏差。本研究为聚光灯理论提供了新的实验支持，并就愤怒效价上的模糊性做了进一步的解释和讨论。

关键词: 愤怒, 聚光灯, 归因, 情绪效价

Abstract: Originally, the spotlight effect was only a theory based on the valence of affect, explaining how the incidental emotion influences individual's perception and judgment through their attention scope. However, the usage of affect valence on these matters remains questionable and further studies on some specific kind of affect was necessary. Anger as a typical negative emotion, rather than sad used in the original study, was proved to be obscure in the defining of its valence. Therefore a 2 (affect)×2 (salience)×2 (gender) between subjects experiment was conducted to test the spotlight effect of anger the reading of social news report. 272 participants were enrolled into this experiment and 243's data was proved to be valid with the double check of affect-state before and after the emotion trigger. The Anger-Dispositional group contains 59 subjects (25 male; 34 female); Anger-Situational 61 subjects (26 male; 35 female); Neutral-Dispositional 60 (25 male; 35 female); Neutral-Situational 63 (23 male; 40 female). Rather than a scale anchored by dispositional-situational, this experiment in this research recorded subjects attribution on these two factors separately, which erase the potential implication of compelling choice on just one side. The result released that anger's spotlight effect was consist with negative emotion and its influence on individuals' judgment was a dual process: increase subjects' attribution proneness to the salience information while restrain to the less salient. Furthermore, this experiment also found the salience of information could bring about an attribution bias on its own. What is more, gender difference occurred on no conditions, which proved that the spotlight effect of anger words on male and female equally.This research offered a further evidence support for the theory of spotlight and extended its explication about how the anger influences individuals' attribution through the attention scope. The comparison between dispositional and situational information in the social news did not support the theory of fundamental attribution error and reminded us and FAE might remain to a unique phenomenon in western culture. The controversial issues between sad and anger was also fully discussed, which developed a reasonable explanation to suite the spotlight effect of anger with other related studies.

Key words: Anger, Spotlight Effect, Attribution, emotional valence

中图分类号:

B844.3

彭小凡, 谢德光, 张大均. 愤怒的聚光灯效应对个体新闻阅读的归因影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(6): 578-587.

PENG Xiao-fan, XIE De-guang, ZHANG Da-jun. The Spotlight Effect of Anger：How the Incidental Anger Influence our Judgment on the Social News Report[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2013, 29(6): 578-587.

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