无意识冲突的发生机制：基于Stroop范式的探讨

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 无意识信息对人们的行为有着十分重要的影响,它不仅能触发相对低级的认知功能而且也能触发冲突控制等相对高级的认知功能。尽管已有研究从行为和认知神经研究两个方面强有力地证实了无意识冲突的存在,但对无意识冲突是源自中枢加工产生的语义冲突还是晚期动作选择中产生的反应冲突存在激烈的争议。本研究采用分离语义冲突和反应冲突的实验逻辑在Stroop掩蔽启动任务中探讨了无意识冲突的机制。结果发现,无意识Stroop效应中既包含语义冲突又包含反应冲突。这说明无意识冲突可能由语义冲突和反应冲突共同构成。实验结果也进一步支持了无意识刺激可以加工到语义水平的观点。

关键词: 无意识, 意识, Stroop效应, 语义冲突, 反应冲突

Abstract: Unconscious information has a great impact on behavior. It can trigger not only lower-level cognitive functions but also higher cognitive functions such as conflict control. Although findings obtained from previous behavioral and cognitive neuroscience studies have strongly confirmed the existence of unconscious conflict, a fierce controversy on whether unconscious conflict arises from semantic conflicts or response conflict still exists. In a masked version Stroop priming task, we dissociated unconscious semantic conflict and response conflict. The results suggested that both semantic conflict and response conflict contributed to unconscious conflict. This suggested that unconscious conflict may consist of both semantic conflict and response conflict. The results further supported the view that unconscious stimuli can be processed to the semantic level.

Key words: unconscious, conscious, Stroop effect, semantic conflict, response conflict

中图分类号:

B844.3

蒋军, 夏依婷, 陈安涛, 陈雪飞, 张庆林, 张蔚蔚. 无意识冲突的发生机制：基于Stroop范式的探讨[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(2): 139-146.

JIANG Jun, XIA Yi-ting, CHEN An-tao, CHEN Xue-fei, ZHANG Qing-lin, ZHANG Wei-wei. The Mechanism of Unconscious Conflict：An Exploring Based on Stroop Paradigm[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2013, 29(2): 139-146.

参考文献

Abrams, R. L., & Greenwald, A. G. (2000). Parts Outweigh the Whole (Word) in Unconscious Analysis of Meaning. Psychological Science,11, 118-124.
Bodner, G., & Dypvik, A. (2005). Masked priming of number judgments depends on prime validity and task. Memory & Cognition,33, 29-47.
D'Ostilio, K., & Garraux, G. (2012). Dissociation between unconscious motor response facilitation and conflict in medial frontal areas. European Journal of Neuroscience,35, 332-340.
Damian, M. F. (2001). Congruity effects evoked by subliminally presented primes: Automaticity rather than semantic processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 154-165.
De Houwer, J. (2003). On the role of stimulus-response and stimulus-stimulus compatibility in the Stroop effect. Memory & Cognition, 31, 353-359.
Dehaene, S., Artiges, E., Naccache, L., Martelli, C., Viard, A., Schürhoff, F., et al. (2003). Conscious and subliminal conflicts in normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia: The role of the anterior cingulate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, 13722-13727.
Dehaene, S., Naccache, L., Le ClecH, G., Koechlin, E., Mueller, M., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., et al. (1998). Imaging unconscious semantic priming. Nature, 395, 597-600.
Desender, K., & Van Den Bussche, E. (2012). Is consciousness necessary for conflict adaptation? A state of the art. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6,3.
Finkbeiner, M., & Friedman, J. (2011). The Flexibility of Nonconsciously Deployed Cognitive Processes: Evidence from Masked Congruence Priming. PLoS ONE, 6, e17095.
Grossi, G. (2006). Relatedness proportion effects on masked associative priming: An ERP study. Psychophysiology, 43, 21-30.
Hughes, G., Velmans, M., & De Fockert, J. (2009). Unconscious priming of a no-go response. Psychophysiology, 46, 1258-1269.
Kinoshita, S., & Hunt, L. (2008). RT distribution analysis of category congruence effects with masked primes. Memory & Cognition, 36, 1324-1334.
Kunde, W. (2003). Sequential modulations of stimulus-response correspondence effects depend on awareness of response conflict. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 198-205.
Kunde, W., Kiesel, A., & Hoffmann, J. (2003). Conscious control over the content of unconscious cognition. Cognition, 88, 223-242.
Kunde, W., Reuss, H., & Kiesel, A. (2012). Consciousness and cognitive control. Advances in cognitive psychology, 8, 9-18.
Mayr, U. (2004). Conflict, consciousness, and control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 145-148.
Merikle, P. M., Joordens, S., & Stolz, J. A. (1995). Measuring the Relative Magnitude of Unconscious Influences. Consciousness and Cognition, 4, 422-439.
Naccache, L., & Dehaene, S. (2001). Unconscious semantic priming extends to novel unseen stimuli. Cognition, 80, 215-229.
Neely, J. H. (1991). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In D. Besner & G. W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (pp. 265-335). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ursu, S., Clark, K. A., Aizenstein, H. J., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2009). Conflict-related activity in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex in the absence of awareness. Biological Psychology, 80, 279-286.
Van den Bussche, E., Van den Noortgate, W., & Reynvoet, B. (2009). Mechanisms of masked priming: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 452-477.
van Gaal, S., De Lange, F. P., & Cohen, M. X. (2012). The role of consciousness in cognitive control and decision making. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6.
van Gaal, S., Lamme, V. A. F., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2010). Unconsciously Triggered Conflict Adaptation. PLoS ONE, 5, e11508.
van Gaal, S., Scholte, H. S., Lamme, V. A. F., Fahrenfort, J. J., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2011). Pre-SMA Gray-matter Density Predicts Individual Differences in Action Selection in the Face of Conscious and Unconscious Response Conflict. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 382-390.
Van Opstal, F., Calderon, C. B., Gevers, W., & Verguts, T. (2011). Setting the stage subliminally: Unconscious context effects. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 1860-1864.
Van Veen, V., & Carter, C. S. (2002). The timing of action-monitoring processes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 593-602.
van Veen, V., & Carter, C. S. (2005). Separating semantic conflict and response conflict in the Stroop task: a functional MRI study. Neuroimage, 27, 497-504.
陈雪飞, 蒋军, 赵晓, 陈安涛. (2010). 练习对Stroop效应中语义冲突和反应冲突的影响. 心理科学, 33, 869-871.
霍鹏飞. (2011). 阈下知觉的加工水平及其发生条件. Unpublished 硕士, 上海师范大学.
蒋军, 陈安涛, 张蔚蔚, 张庆林. (2012). 无意识信息引发的认知控制及其神经机制. 心理科学进展, 20, 1573-1584.

相关文章 15

[1]	郭嘉程, 董柔纯, 许放, 徐旋, 牛更枫, 周宗奎. 社会临场感与大学生网络过激行为的关系：双自我意识的并行中介及性别的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 176-186.
[2]	樊香麟, 崔英锦. 客体化身体意识与女大学生限制性饮食行为的关系：外貌负面评价恐惧和社会文化压力的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 122-131.
[3]	孙赛男, 何文广. 语音加工的发展、老化及其神经机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(6): 894-901.
[4]	张潮, 程亚华, 李利平, 范雨婷, 伍新春. 汉语儿童词语结构意识在阅读理解中的预测作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(2): 236-243.
[5]	涂燊, 梁秋霞, 朱思施, 李昌俊, 刘庆英, 周亚娟. 序列语义的类别一致性关系能否进行无意识整合？[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(1): 10-18.
[6]	孙聪慧, 赵春黎, 王圣龙. 眼睛线索下公我意识启动对利他行为的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(3): 283-288.
[7]	丁子恩, 刘勤学. 大学生网络交往与网络利他行为的关系:自尊与公我意识的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(2): 175-183.
[8]	张潮, 丁嫄, 李利平, 陈庆平, 伍新春. 语素意识与听写的双向预测关系:来自追踪研究的证据[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(2): 193-199.
[9]	赵英, 伍新春, 陈红君. 汉语儿童语素意识对阅读理解的影响:默读流畅性的中介效应[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(4): 430-438.
[10]	方铖豪, 程亚华, 伍新春. 小学低年级儿童汉语语素意识、口语词汇知识对阅读能力的影响:一项追踪研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(1): 57-67.
[11]	陈庆秋, 徐华, 吴南. 助人情境中幼儿知恩图报意识的发展[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(4): 403-409.
[12]	丁子恩, 王笑涵, 刘勤学. 大学生自尊与网络过激行为的关系:社交焦虑和双自我意识的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(2): 171-180.
[13]	刘宇飞, 钱怡, 宋耀武, 毕鸿燕. 4~6岁汉语儿童正字法意识的萌芽与发展[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(1): 65-72.
[14]	李一茗, 黎坚, 伍芳辉. 自然联结的概念、功能与促进[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(1): 120-127.
[15]	张玉平, 董琼, 舒华, 吴燕. 语音意识、命名速度和语素意识在汉语阅读发展中的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2017, 33(4): 401-409.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed