幼儿同伴关系发展的稳定性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究采用同伴提名法,从2004年到2008年对三个自然班幼儿(71名)群体水平的同伴关系分别在三个时间点开始从小班到大班的追踪,考察学前期幼儿同伴关系连续变量的稳定性,结果发现:(1)幼儿同伴接纳、同伴拒绝、社会偏好和社会影响的稳定性受年龄和时间间隔的影响,在中班与大班之间均存在中等相关,而社会偏好和同伴接纳在小班与中班也存在中等相关,社会偏好在小班与大班也存在中等相关;(2)幼儿社会偏好发展模式经聚类分析为4组:一般偏好稳定组、高偏好稳定组、一般到高偏好变化组和低偏好变化组,64.79%的幼儿社会偏好发展保持稳定;(3)幼儿从小班起,女孩比男孩一直更少受到同伴拒绝,更多受到同伴偏爱。总体而言,学前期幼儿同伴关系发展具有中等稳定性,中班是稳定性发展的重要时期。

关键词: 幼儿, 同伴关系, 同伴提名, 稳定性

Abstract: The stability of peer relationship was a fundamental question that was inherently appealing to developmental psychologists.In preschool years,group relations in peers began and peer relationship consolidated. The present longitudinal study examined the stability of preschooler's peer relationship.By studying the stability of peer relationship,we gained insight into questions regarding the degree to which the stability of continuous variables in peer relations,and especially whether the social preference development changed across early childhood. The author determined a sample of 71 preschool-aged children(40 boys,31 girls;M age=46.42 months), who came from three classes in different time points that the first class was from 2004 to 2006,the second class was from 2005 to 2007,and the third class was from 2006 to 2008.Children completed peer nomination for 3 successive years from grade 1 to grade 3. Results indicated that long-term stability of four continuous dimensions of peer relationship(peer acceptance, peer rejection,social preference,and social impact)was influenced by 2 factors:children's age and the length of the time interval.Four continuous dimensions of peer relationship had moderate stability(r=0.41～0.59) between grade 2 and grade 3.Social preference had moderate stability(r=0.31～0.59)from grade 1 to grade 3. Peer acceptance had moderate stability(r=0.37)between grade 1 and grade 2.Other dimensions had no significant correlations among three grades.Grade 2 was the transition of peer relationship in preschool years. Using a clustering technique,the study identified four groups of children with distinct longitudinal profiles of social preference development-a stable average group(64.79%),an unstable popular group(15.49%),an unstable unpopular group(12.68%),and an unstable group from average to popular(7.04%).The result indicated that 64.79% children'social preference kept stable for three years. In this experiment,the effect of gender on social preference was significant(F(1,70)=11.970,p<0.05), while the other two effects were not significant.So girls were more popular than boys consistently in three years. There was no significant gender and age difference on social impact. Conclusions:The current study provided evidence for moderate stability of peer status in preschool years,and girls were more popular than boys.The result suggested that grade 2 was the key time for the stability of peer relationship.

Key words: Preschooler, Peer Relationship, Peer nomination, Stability

中图分类号:

B844.1

刘少英, 王芳, 朱瑶. 幼儿同伴关系发展的稳定性[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2012, 28(6): 588-594.

LIU Shao-ying, WANG Fang, ZHU Yao. Stability of Preschooler’s Peer Relationship[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2012, 28(6): 588-594.

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