感觉寻求与模糊容忍度对科学发明问题提出的影响

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2024.06.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用科学领域的发明问题实例为实验材料,探索感觉寻求与模糊容忍度对原型启发下创造性科学问题提出的影响。实验1以感觉寻求和原型处理为自变量,结果发现,在提出新颖性科学问题上,感觉寻求相对高分组个体受原型启发提出新颖性问题的提升程度明显高于低分组;实验2以模糊容忍度和原型处理为自变量,结果发现,相对高模糊容忍度个体更善于利用原型信息,提出更多新颖有效性科学问题。此外,原型条件下个体提出新颖性或新颖有效性科学问题的比率更高。研究结果表明,原型对创造性科学问题提出具有稳定的启发效应,感觉寻求与模糊容忍度是原型启发下创造性科学问题提出的重要人格特质,且对新颖性和新颖有效性科学问题提出产生不同影响。

关键词: 创造性, 问题提出, 感觉寻求, 模糊容忍度, 原型启发

Abstract: The present study used real-life examples of scientific inventions as experimental material to explore the effects of sensation seeking and tolerance of ambiguity on prototype-inspired scientific creative problem finding. Experiment 1 used sensation seeking and prototype treatment as independent variables, it was found that individuals in the high sensation seeking group were significantly more likely to be inspired by prototypes to ask novel scientific questions than those in the low group. Experiment 2 used tolerance of ambiguity and prototype treatment as independent variables, and found that individuals with high ambiguity tolerance were better at using prototype information to ask more novel and useful scientific questions. In addition, individuals in the prototype condition had a higher rate of raising novel or novel and useful science questions. The findings suggested that prototypes have a stable inspirational effect on scientific creative problem finding, and that sensation seeking and tolerance of ambiguity are important personality traits for scientific creative problem finding inspired by prototypes, and have different effects on novel or novel and useful scientific problem formulation.

Key words: creativity, problem finding, sensation seeking, tolerance of ambiguity, heuristic prototype

中图分类号:

B844

童丹丹, 史靖靖, 禄鹏, 彭晨宇, 李文福, 张庆林, 邱江. 感觉寻求与模糊容忍度对科学发明问题提出的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(6): 774-781.

TONG Dandan, SHI Jingjing, LU Peng, PENG Chenyu, LI Wenfu, ZHANG Qinglin, QIU Jiang. The Effect of Sensation Seeking and Tolerance of Ambiguity on Scientific Invention Problem Finding[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(6): 774-781.

参考文献

Abdulla, A. M., Reiter-Palmon, R., Sultan, Z. M., & Ayoub, A. E. A. (2021). Which divergent thinking index is more associated with problem finding ability? The role of flexibility and task nature.Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 671146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671146
Alon, U. (2009). How to choose a good scientific problem. Molecular Cell, 35(6), 726-728.
Chen, X. (2013). Brief Sensation Seeking Scale for Chinese—Cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment. Personality & Individual Differences, 54(5), 604-609.
Claridge, G., & Mcdonald, A. (2009). An investigation into the relationships between convergent and divergent thinking, schizotypy, and autistic traits.Personality & Individual Differences, 46(8), 794-799.
Cranford, E. A., & Moss, J. (2012). Is insight always the same? A protocol analysis of insight in compound remote associate problems. Journal of Problem Solving, 4(2), 128-153.
Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7, 336-353.
Feist, G. J. (1998). A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity.Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(4), 290-309.
Ford, C. M., & Gioia, D. A. (2000). Factors influencing creativity in the domain of managerial decision making.Journal of Management, 26(4), 705-732.
Furnham, A., & Ribchester, T. (1995). Tolerance of ambiguity: A review of the concept, its measurement and applications. Current Psychology, 14(3), 179-199.
Gvirts, H. Z., Mayseless, N., Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Barnea, Y., Segev, A., Lewis, D. Y., … Bloch, Y. (2017). Novelty-seeking trait predicts the effect of methylphenidate on creativity. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 31(5), 599-605.
Hirsh, J. B., Mar, R. A., & Peterson, J. B. (2012). Psychological entropy:A framework for understanding uncertainty-related anxiety. Psychological Review, 119(2), 304-320.
Hu, W., Shi, Q. Z., Han, Q., Wang, X., & Adey, P. (2010). Creative scientific problem finding and its developmental trend.Creativity Research Journal, 22(1), 46-52.
Huang, F. R., Song, Y., Jiang, Y., Zhao, Q. B., & Luo, J. (2021). Where and how are original and valuable ideas generated? tDCS of the generation-related posterior temporal lobe and the executive control-related prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 32(5), 1004-1013.
Hwang, T. J., & Choi, J. N. (2020). Different moods lead to different creativity:Mediating roles of ambiguity tolerance and team identification. Creativity Research Journal, 32(2), 161-173.
Liu, D., Sun, J., Ren, Z., Yang, J., Shi, B., & Qiu, J. (2022). The neural basis of acceptance of uncertain situations: Relationship between ambiguity tolerance and the resting-state functional connectivity of the brain. Current Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02879-5
Martín-Fernández, M., Marco, M., Romo, M., & Moyano, M. (2021). Adaptation of the brief sensation seeking scale in Spanish young adults: Psychometric properties and validity evidence.Current Psychology, 40(6), 2698-2706.
Mccarthy, M., Chen, C. C., & Mcnamee, R. C. (2018). Novelty and usefulness trade-off: Cultural cognitive differences and creative idea evaluation.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(2), 171-198.
McLain, D. L. (2009). Evidence of the properties of an ambiguity tolerance measure: The Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale-II (MSTAT-II). Psychological Reports, 105(3), 975-988.
Ming, D., Tong, D., Yang, W., Qiu, J., & Zhang, Q. (2014). Howcan we gain insight in scientific innovation? Prototype heuristic is one key. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 14, 98-106.
Okamoto, K., & Takaki, E. (1992). Structure of creativity measurements and their correlations with sensation seeking and need for uniqueness. Japanese Journal of Educational & Social Psychology, 31(3), 203-210.
Ren, J. Y., Huang, F. R., Zhou, Y., Zhuang, L. P., Xu. J. H., Gao C. J.,… Luo, J. (2020). The function of the hippocampus and middle temporal gyrus in forming new associations and concepts during the processing of novelty and usefulness features in creative designs. NeuroImage, 214, 116751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116751
Robinson, J. R., Workman, J. E., & Freeburg, B. W. (2019). Creativity and tolerance of ambiguity in fashion design students.International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology & Education, 12(1), 96-104.
Rubenson, D. L., & Runco, M. A. (1995) The psychoeconomic view of creative work in groups and organizations. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 4(4), 232-241.
Shen, W., Hommel, B., Yuan, Y., Chang, L., & Zhang, W. (2018). Risk-taking and creativity:Convergent, but not divergent thinking is better in low-risk takers. Creativity Research Journal, 30(2), 224-231.
Sunder, J., Sunder, S. V., & Zhang, J. (2017). Pilot CEOs and corporate innovation.Journal of Financial Economics, 123(1), 209-224.
Tegano, D. W. (1990). Relationship of tolerance of ambiguity and playfulness to creativity. Psychological Reports, 66(3), 1047-1056.
Toh, C., & Miller, S. (2016). Choosing creativity: The role of individual risk and ambiguity aversion on creative concept selection in engineering design.Research in Engineering Design, 27(3), 195-219.
Tong, D. D., Shi, J. J., Zhang, R. L., Lu, P., Gu, X. J., Zhang, Q. L., & Qiu, J. (2022). Right inferior frontal gyrus gray matter density mediates the effect of tolerance of ambiguity on scientific problem finding.Current Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04007-9
Wan, Z. H., Lee, J. C. K., & Hu, W. P. (2021). How should undergraduate students perceive knowledge as a product of human creation? Insights from a study on epistemic beliefs, intellectual risk-taking, and creativity. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 39, 100786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100786
Wang, J., Wang, P., Yang, X., Zhang, G., Wang, X., Zhao, F., … Lei, L. (2019). Fear of missing out and procrastination as mediators between sensation seeking and adolescent smartphone addiction. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 1049-1062.
Wertheimer, M. (1945).Productive thinking. New York: Harper and Row.
Yang, W. J., Green, A. E., Chen, Q. L., Kenett, Y. N., Sun, J. Z., & Qiu, J. (2022). Creative-problem solving in knowledge-rich contexts. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26(10), 125-141.
Zenasni, F., Besançon, M., & Lubart, T. (2008). Creativity and tolerance of ambiguity: An empirical study. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 42(1), 61-73.
Zuckerman, M. (2015). Sensationseeking: Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 18(6), 607-614.
陈丽君, 郑雪. (2014). 大学生问题发现过程的眼动研究. 心理学报, 46(3), 367-384.
胡卫平, 程丽芳, 贾小娟, 韩蒙, 陈英和. (2015). 认知抑制对创造性科学问题提出的影响:认知风格的中介作用. 心理与行为研究, 13(6), 721-728.
黄译莹. (2003). 学术社群说出“创造力”的语言及其反映的思维:一般创造力与儿童创造力研究文本对照中的启示. 台湾师大学报(科学教育类), 48(2), 255-276.
李海燕, 胡卫平, 申继亮. (2010). 学校环境对初中生人格特征与创造性科学问题提出能力关系的影响. 心理科学, 33(5), 132-136.
刘英芝. (2019). 新颖寻求特质在创造性思维过程中的作用机制(硕士学位论文). 华中师范大学, 武汉.
师保国, 申继亮, 许晶晶. (2008). 模糊容忍性:研究回顾、现状与展望. 心理与行为研究, (4), 311-315.
童丹丹, 李文福, 禄鹏, 杨文静, 杨东, 张庆林. (2020). 科学发明情境中问题提出的脑机制再探. 心理学报, 52(11), 1253-1265.
童丹丹, 禄鹏, 杨文静, 邱江, 杨东, 张庆林. (2020). 创造性科学问题提出材料的编制及效度研究. 心理学探新, 40(3), 240-246.
童丹丹, 杨文静, 李亚丹, 郭亚男, 邱江, 张庆林. (2015). 发明问题解决中的蔡格尼克效应. 科学通报, 60(36), 3583-3593.
魏淑华, 宋广文, 张大均. (2017). 不同职业认同水平教师对职业生活事件的社会认知加工特征. 心理发展与教育, 33(1), 45-55.
叶宝娟, 刘建平, 杨强. (2014). 感觉寻求对工读生病理性网络使用的影响机制. 心理发展与教育, 30(1), 96-104.
于薇, 刘幸娟, 张明. (2011). 大学生感觉寻求对职业倾向的影响及其教育对策. 教育科学, 27(5), 60-63.
张鑫, 侯志瑾, 朱佳佳, 王丹妮. (2018). 模糊容忍度对生涯决策困难的影响:生涯适应力与焦虑的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 26(2), 347-352.
赵琪慧, 李西营, 陈英和, 胡卫平, 皮忠玲. (2020). 模糊容忍性与发散性思维的关系:不同认识兴趣的作用. 心理科学, 43(3), 542-548.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

[1]	韩建涛, 钱俊妮, 张婕妤, 庞维国. 创造力与大学生生命意义感：积极情绪和创造性自我效能感的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(2): 187-195.
[2]	张慧如, 张伟达, 傅王倩, 邓敏, 彭苏浩, 李玉. 孤独感对创造性倾向的影响：无聊倾向和焦虑情绪的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2024, 40(1): 132-141.
[3]	李玉华, 王桐, 刘悦, 俞劼, 林崇德. 教师创造性教学行为与小学生创造性思维的关系：有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(4): 513-519.
[4]	李文福, 贾旭卿, 李功迎, 张庆林. 父母教养方式与大学生手机依赖:自我控制和感觉寻求的链式中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(5): 660-667.
[5]	刘文, 王依宁, 张嘉琪, 车翰博. 9~11岁儿童创造性人格与欺骗行为的关系:亲子沟通质量的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(4): 508-516.
[6]	廖雅琼, 叶宝娟, 金平, 许强, 李爱梅. 心理韧性对汉区少数民族预科生手机依赖的影响:有调节的中介效应[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2017, 33(4): 487-495.
[7]	胡卫平, 赵晓媚, 贾培媛, 陈英和. 学思维网络活动对小学生创造性的影响:认知风格的调节作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2017, 33(3): 257-264.
[8]	袁竞驰, 于芳荣, 田录梅. 感觉寻求、同伴压力对高中生烟酒使用的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2016, 32(4): 486-494.
[9]	舒曾, 贺琼, 李晓敏, 张晶, 张月寒, 方晓义. 母亲养育压力对幼儿创造性人格的影响:教养方式的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2016, 32(3): 276-284.
[10]	师保国, 王黎静, 徐丽, 刘霞. 师生关系对小学生创造性的作用:一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2016, 32(2): 175-182.
[11]	刘春晖, 林崇德. 个体变量、材料变量对大学生创造性问题提出能力的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2015, 31(5): 513-521.
[12]	李文福, 龚正霞, 邱江, 张庆林. 午睡剥夺对科学发明问题解决中的原型启发效应的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2015, 31(2): 165-170.
[13]	孙鹏, 邹泓, 杜瑶琳. 青少年创造性思维的特点及其对日常创造性行为的影响：人格的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2014, 30(4): 355-362.
[14]	叶宝娟, 刘建平, 杨强. 感觉寻求对工读生病理性网络使用的影响机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2014, 30(1): 96-104.
[15]	谷传华, 张笑容, 陈洁, 郝恩河, 王亚丽. 状态与特质之分：来自社会创造性的证据[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(5): 483-490.