Table of Content

15 May 2015, Volume 31 Issue 3

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The Temporal Trajectory for Subective Well-being among Chinese College Students

LIU Jie, HUANG Xiting

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  257-263.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.01

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Temporal trajectories for subjective well-being incorporate individuals' appraisals of their past, present, and anticipated future well-being. The exploration on the well-beings that are evaluated from the past, present and future perspective has important significance for a comprehensive understanding of the essence of well-being. To explore this subjective temporal trajectories among Chinese college students, two studies were designed. In study 1, we asked 130 participants to fill the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results showed that the ratings for their past and present well-being do not have significant difference, but are both lower than the rating of future well-being, i.e. past well-being= present well-being < future well-being. The trajectory of subjective well-being among Chinese college students is different from the western trajectory (past well-being < present well-being < future well-being). In study 2, an designed experiment asked 45 students to evaluate some adjectives about happniess and unhappniess, which revealed a same trajectory of subjective well-being with Study 1.

The Relationship between Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Knowledge

LI Hailei, ZHANG Wenxin

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  264-270.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.02

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1208 undergraduates of grade one to four completed the Proactive Personality Scale (PPS), Entrepreneurial Knowledge Questionnaire and Entrepreneurial Intention Scale of Undergraduates during school hours, in order to explore the relations among proactive personality, entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial intention. The results indicated that: (1) Males reported significantly higher levels of entrepreneurial goal intention than of females; (2) Proactive personality positively predicted entrepreneurial goal intention and entrepreneurial implementation intention; (3) Entrepreneurial resource knowledge partially mediated the relation between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, proactive personality predicted entrepreneurial resource knowledge positively, and entrepreneurial resource knowledge predicted entrepreneurial goal intention and entrepreneurial implementation intention positively; (4) Entrepreneurial theory knowledge partially mediated the relation between proactive personality and entrepreneurial implementation intention. Specifically, proactive personality predicted entrepreneurial theory knowledge positively, and entrepreneurial theory knowledge predicted entrepreneurial implementation intention negatively.

The Roles of Categorical Perception of Speech Soundsin Early Reading Development

JIANG Wei, ZHANG Linjun, SHU Hua

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  271-278.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.03

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In this study 172 children from kindergartens and elementary schools aged 5~7 years were tested on a battery including speech perception (categorical perception tasks), phonological awareness (syllable deletion, rime detection, onset detection, and tone detection), working memory and character recognition. The results showed that (a) categorical perception and phonological awareness improved gradually with age, (b) categorical perception was highly correlated with phonological awareness, especially rime and syllable awareness, (c) in the model of early reading development, categorical perception didn't directly affect Chinese character recognition. Our results indicate that the role of speech perception in early reading development is mediated by phonological awareness.

Marital Conflict and Preschool Children's Parenting Styles: The Moderating Role of Parental Emotion Regulation Strategies

WANG Mingzhu, ZOU Hong, LI Xiaowei, ZHANG Wenjuan, WANG Yingqian, JIANG Suo

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  279-286.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.04

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The present study aimed at exploring the differential associations of marital conflict with authoritative parenting and authoritarian parenting, and the moderating role of parental emotion regulation strategies. 285 preschoolers' parents participated in the questionnaire survey. The results showed that: (1) Marital conflict could negatively predict authoritative parenting and positively predict authoritarian parenting in parents of preschoolers while the difference in the magnitude of the associations was nonsignificant. (2) Parental emotion regulation strategies moderated the relation between marital conflict and authoritative parenting, for both fathers and mothers. For parents who used fewer cognitive reappraisal strategies or more expression suppression strategies, marital conflict could negatively predict authoritative parenting. However, the prediction effect was not significant for parents who used more cognitive reappraisal strategies or fewer expression suppression strategies. In addition, the moderating effect of parental emotion regulation strategies on the relation between marital conflict and authoritarian parenting was not found.

Cognitive Inhibition and Artistic Creativity: The Moderating Effect of Cognitive Style

CHENG Lifang, HU Weiping, JIA Xiaojuan

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  287-295.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.05

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114 undergraduates were recruited to complete the Mittenecker Pointing Test, Embedded Figure Test and the collage design as the measure of cognitive inhibition, cognitive style and artistic creativity respectively. The results showed that (1) Cognitive inhibition showed significant negative relationship with artistic creativity and it can predict individuals' creativity, communicative level and general impression significantly, likeability and imagination marginally significantly. (2) Cognitive style moderated the relationship between cognitive inhibition and artistic creativity, which showed that cognitive inhibition predicted creativity, imagination and communicative level of individuals who were inclined to field independence, whereas it can't predict artistic creativity of those inclined to field dependence.

The Development of Children and Young People's Collaborative Facilitation

TANG Weihai, AN Yanpei, WANG Xiangmei, LIANG Fucheng, LIU Xiping

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  296-302.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.06

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This research explored the development of individuals' collaborative facilitation of different ages in different retrieve sequences and learning materials. The design was a 5 (age: 9 years old, 11 years old, 14 years old, 17 years old and 20 years old) × 3 (recall sequence: CII、ICI、III) × 2 (learning materials: pictures or texts) between-subjects design. The results showed that collaborative facilitation appeared in all ages of both CII and II recall sequences, and the final memory performance in these two sequences had no difference. What's more, the amount of collaborative facilitation of 17 years old participants was higher than 9, 11, 14 and 20 years old. There was no difference among other age. No matter how old the participant was, there was no difference between picture and texts on the collaborative facilitation amount. These suggest that the order of collaborative memory has little impact on collaborative facilitation. The effects of collaborative facilitation in 17-year-old individuals are the best.

The Mediating Role of Social Behavior between Children's Trust in Peers and Peer Acceptance and Its Gender Difference

LI Qinggong, WU Sufang, FU Genyue

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  303-310.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.07

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Previous studies have consistently shown that children's trust in others has positive effect on their peer relationship. However, the mechanism of how children's trust influence peer relationship is still unclear. This study tested the mediating role of social behavior on the relation between trust in peers and peer acceptance. The gender difference of the effect was also explored. Participants were 366 children (198 boys and 168 girls) from grade 3 to grade 6. Participants were tested on trust in peers, social behavior (i.e., prosocial behavior, withdrawal behavior, aggressive behavior), and peer acceptance. The results revealed:(1) Both prosocial and withdrawal behaviors were significant mediators on the relation between children's trust and peer acceptance, whereas the mediating effect of aggressive behavior was not significant. (2) There were also significant gender differences in the mediating effect of social behavior: the mediating effect of prosocial behavior was stronger for girls than boys and the mediating effect of withdrawal behavior was stronger for boys than girls. These findings thus offer a new insight into how children's trust influences their peer relationship.

Moral Disengagement and College Students' Deviant Behavior Online: The Moderating Effect of Moral Identity

YANG Jiping, WANG Xingchao, GAO Ling

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  311-318.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.08

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The present study examined the moderating effect of moral identity in the relationship between moral disengagement and deviant behavior online using a sample of 550 college students. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed that male college students had higher scores than female college students on measure of moral disengagement in grade 3 and grade 4. But no significant gender differences were found on moral disengagement in grade 1 and grade 2. Results also found that moral disengagement had a positive effect on college students' deviant behavior online. Meanwhile, moral identity had a negative effect on college students' deviant behavior online, and significantly moderated the relationship between moral disengagement and deviant behavior online.

Association between Parenting Stress and Child Behavioral Problems: The Mediation Effect of Parenting Styles

LIU Yapeng, DENG Huihua, ZHANG Guangzhen, LIANG Zongbao, LU Zuhong

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  319-326.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.09

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This longitudinal study aimed to explore whether parenting styles mediated the associations of parenting stress with child behavioral problems. 364 children and their parents participated in this study. Father and mother reported their parenting stress at 6 months, parenting styles at 24 months, as well as behavioral problems of children aged 48 months, respectively. The results showed that parental parenting stress positively and significantly predicted their overprotective and harsh parenting. Maternal overprotective parenting negatively predicted preschoolers' externalizing problems, while paternal overprotective parenting positively predicted internalizing problems. Paternal harsh parenting was positively associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems. Maternal parenting stress was directly related to externalizing problems. However, paternal parenting styles played full mediating effect in the associations of their parenting stress with child internalizing and externalizing problems. These results indicated that maternal parenting stress was directly related to externalizing problems, while paternal parenting stress influenced their parenting styles, which in turn resulted in preschoolers' behavioral problems.

Regulatory Focus and Life Satisfaction in Primary School Students: The Mediating Effect of Coping Style

DI Miaoci, LIU Rude, GAO Qin, WANG Jia, WEI Jun, TANG Ming

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  327-333.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.10

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The present study investigated the antecedent role of regulatory foci in elementary school students' life satisfaction and coping strategies in response to stressful situations. Regulatory foci, coping style, and life satisfaction were assessed by self-reported measures in a sample of 1174 Chinese elementary school students. The structural equation modeling results revealed that: (1) Promotion focus presented significantly positive effect on life satisfaction, whereas prevention focus presented significantly negative effect on life satisfaction. (2) Correlation analysis indicated that positive coping style more associated with promotion focus than prevention focus, while negative coping style more associated with prevention focus than promotion focus. (3) Positive coping style fully mediated the relationship between promotion focus and life satisfaction, and both coping styles partially mediated the relationship between prevention focus and life satisfaction.

The Relationship among Deliberate Rumination, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Growth: Evidence From Longitudinal Study of Adolescents after Wenchuan Earthquake

WU Xinchun, ZHOU Xiao, CHEN Jieling, ZENG Min

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  334-341.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.11

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The longitudinal study examined the course and bidirectional relation between deliberate rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). 245 secondary school students in the most severely affected area were investigated by self-report deliberate rumination, PTSD and PTG questionnaires at 3.5 year 4.5 year and 5.5 year after Wenchuan Earthquake. The cross-lagged structure equation analysis revealed that there are a one-way positively predictive relationship of PTSD onto deliberate rumination from 3.5 year to 5.5 year after earthquake. The bi-directional relationship between deliberate rumination and PTG was found, and PTSD have no directional relation to PTG from 3.5 year to 5.5 year after earthquake. Moreover, PTSD at 3.5 year have a indirectly positive effect on PTG at 5.5 year through deliberate rumination at 4.5 year after earthquake. In addition, the cross-sectional relationship between PTSD and PTG weaken with time change.

Family Financial Strain and Adolescents' Depression: The Effects of Perceived Discrimination and Parent-adolescent Attachment

LI Dongping, XU Lu, BAO Zhenzhou, CHEN Wu, SU Xiaohui, ZHANG Wei

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  342-349.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.12

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A massive literature documents the positive association between family financial strain and adolescents' depression, but the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relation are still under-investigated. A survey with a sample of 703 middle school students was conducted to explore the mediating and moderating effects of perceived discrimination and parent-adolescent attachment in the relationship between family financial strain and depression among Chinese adolescents. Results were as follows: (1) After controlling for gender and grade, family financial strain significantly contributed to adolescents' depression;(2) Consistent with the mediation hypothesis, perceived discrimination played a mediating role in the relationship between family financial strain and depression;(3) Parent-adolescent attachment moderated the mediated path through perceived discrimination, such that this mediating effect was only significant for adolescents with insecure parent-adolescent attachment.

Identifying Psychological or Behavioral Problems of College Students: Based on Latent Profile Analysis

SU Binyuan, ZHANG Jieting, YU Chengfu, ZHANG Wei

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  350-359.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.13

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To explore the applicability of latent profile analysis (LPA) in detecting psychological or behavioral problems, a total of 12718 college students were tested for psychological health. The psychological status of the 644 students was evaluated by psychologists, counselors and class supervisors. Using evaluation results and the 90 Symptom checklist (SCL90) positive detection rate as the "golden standard" for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were compared between LPA and the traditional demarcation method. The results showed that: (1) Student's psychological and behavioral problems can be divided into three sub-groups: high risk group (9.86%), mental confusion group (19.15%) and healthy group (70.99%). (2) High risk groups were characterized by prominent mental symptoms (Z≥2.6SD). The positive symptom of mental health risk in high risk group is 61.21%, which is far above that of mental confusion group (38.28%) and mental health group (8.36%). (3) LPA improved sensitivity by 8.93%-35.26% and showed better diagnostic accuracy comparing with the traditional demarcation method.

Early Maladaptive Schemas, Anxiety and Procrastination among Chinese University Students

TANG Kaiqing, FAN Fang, LONG Ke, CHEN Shijian, PENG Ting, YANG Yanchuan, YE Tingting

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  360-367.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.14

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The present study aimed to investigate the relationship among early maladaptive schemas, anxiety and procrastination, exploring the mediating effect of anxiety between early maladaptive schemas and procrastination. The sample included 559 undergraduate students who completed General Procrastination Scale, Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a self-made general demographic questionnaire. The results showed: (1) Anxiety and procrastination were positively predicted by Disconnection and Rejection, Impaired Autonomy and Performance, and Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline schemas. (2) Trait anxiety could positively predict procrastination significantly, but state anxiety had no significant effect on procrastination. (3) Trait anxiety could partly mediate the relationship between Disconnection & Rejection schema and procrastination, the relationship between Impaired Autonomy & Performance schema and procrastination, and the relationship between Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline schema and procrastination.

Work Family Conflicts and Job Burnout in Primary and Middle School Teachers: The Mediator Role of Self-determination Motivation

LI Mingjun, WANG Zhenhong, LIU Ya

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  368-376.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.15

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The questionnaires of teachers' work family conflicts, self-determination motivation and job burnout were administered to 348 teachers in primary and middle schools, aimed to investigate the mediating effects of self-determination motivation on the relationship between work family conflicts and job burnout. Results revealed that: (1) Self-report work interferes with family conflict (WIF) level was higher than family interferes with work conflict (FIW) for teachers. (2) FIW, WIF, self-determination motivation and job burnout were significantly correlated one another. (3) The mediating effect of self-determination motivation on the relation between work family conflicts and teachers' job burnout was significant. Specifically, self-determination motivation played full mediation role in the WIF-burnout relation, whereas it played partial mediation role in the FIW- burnout relation.

The Elders' Self-neglect: Research Status and Its Prospects

CHEN Jing

Psychological Development and Education. 2015, 31(3):  377-384.  doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.03.16

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In recent years, Elderly self-neglect (ESN) has drawn the increasing attention from foreign researchers. This is mainly because ESN exhibits a significant positive correlation with mortality risk of the aged, and can be regarded as a predictable sign of mortality risk of the aged. Self neglect has the complex characteristics, and goes along with some psychological disorders and physical illnesses. Aiming at the new research topic, this article introduces and combs the research results of ESN, including characteristics, prevalence,hazard, diagnostic tools, influencing factors, theoretical models, intervention training, and social workers engaging in nursing the aged. Foreign researches of ESN offers the following benefits: the study contents become to more and more variety, the study range expands from family field to community and old-age care institutions fields. But there are some limitations in foreign ESN research field, such as conceptual narrowing, imperfection of theoretical dimensions construction, lacking width and depth of research content, singularity of research method, uniformity of diagnostic tools, insufficient prevention and intervention researches. Based on the above analysis, the future research development trends on psychological research field of ESN are given.