Psychological Development and Education ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 641-648.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2018.06.01

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“Mine” is the Most Important: the Development of Self Source -Judgment for Children is Earlier than Other's

WANG Haixu1, LIU Minghui2, YE Yukun3, SUI Jie4   

  1. 1. Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
    2. School of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025;
    3. Wanhuatong Kindergarten, Harbin 150078;
    4. Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
  • Published:2018-12-27

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Abstract: The concept of the self has been used to interpret how we interact with the world and think about both our own behavior and the behavior of others. A key but controversial question is when self-concept development begins. However, direct evidence of this question is limited due to different tasks in the studies of self-reference effect (SRE). As a result, identifying a suitable method for developmental research in the field of self is vital. This was the aim of the present study.We tested three age groups (3, 4 and 5 year olds) in a SRE task in which ownership-referential judgments were used during encoding stage and then recognition and source judgments were underwent. There were four testing sessions within individuals in order to examine the stability of test-retest, and each two sessions took place one week apart.The results showed that 4-and 5-year-old children had a SRE in recognition, while 3-and 4-year-old children demonstrated the SRE in source memory. Follow-up analyses further revealed that the source memory maintained in the self-condition across three age groups but their performance in the other condition enhanced with age. These results indicate that the self-concept may emerge earlier than the concept of others. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Key words: children, self-referential effect in memory, ownership, source memory

CLC Number: 

  • B844
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