Psychological Development and Education ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 429-438.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.03.14

Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Relationship between Developmental Trajectories of Adolescents’ Depression and Self-injury: A Two-year Longitudinal Study

LI Jinwen, BAI Rong, WANG Yumeng, LIU Xia   

  1. Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
  • Online:2023-05-15 Published:2023-05-13

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Abstract: By cross-lagged analysis and latent growth modeling, the current study examined the causal effects of depression and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and the relationship between their developmental trajectories among 581 Grade 7 students from four schools in Guizhou Province followed up over two years. Additionally, the protective role of social support in the above association was further explored. The results indicated that (1) Adolescents’ depression positively predicted subsequent NSSI, but NSSI had no significant predictive effect on follow-up depression; (2) Depression and NSSI were not stable but increased linearly during early adolescence; (3) Both initial level and slope of depression positively predicted the growth of NSSI; (4) Social support significantly moderated the effect of depression’s growth on NSSI’s growth. Specifically, under the high level of social support, the effect of adolescents’ depression growth on NSSI growth was weakened, suggesting that high social support played a protective role. These results revealed the dynamic changes and relationship between depression and NSSI and their protective factor, which were valuable for intervention program making and NSSI reduction.

Key words: depression, non-suicidal self-injury, social support, developmental trajectories, adolescents

CLC Number: 

  • B844
Alloy, L., & Abramson, L. (2007). The adolescent surge in depression and emergence of gender differences. In D. Romer & E. F. Walker (Eds.), Adolescent Psychopathology and the Developing Brain:Integrating Brain and Prevention Science (pp. 284-312). Oxford University Press.
Barrocas, A. L., Giletta, M., Hankin, B. L., Prinstein, M. J., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2015). Nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescence:Longitudinal course, trajectories, and intrapersonal predictors.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(2), 369-380.
Bentley, K. H., Cassiello-Robbins, C. F., Vittorio, L., Sauer-Zavala, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2015). The association between nonsuicidal self-injury and the emotional disorders:A meta-analytic review.Clinical Psychology Review, 37, 72-88.
Burke, T. A., Fox, K., Zelkowitz, R. L., Smith, D. M. Y., Alloy, L. B., Hooley, J. M., & Cole, D. A. (2019). Does nonsuicidal self-injury prospectively predict change in depression and self-criticism?Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43(2), 345-353.
Burke, T. A., Hamilton, J. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2015). Non-suicidal self-injury prospectively predicts interpersonal stressful life events and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls.Psychiatry Research, 228(3), 416-424.
Carlson, M. W., & Oshri, A. (2018). Depressive symptom trajectories among sexually abused youth:Examining the effects of parental perpetration and age of abuse onset.Child Maltreatment, 23(4), 387-398.
Chapman, A. L., Gratz, K. L., & Brown, M. Z. (2006). Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm:The experiential avoidance model.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(3), 371-394.
Claes, L., Luyckx, K., Baetens, I., Van de Ven, M., & Witteman, C. (2015). Bullying and victimization, depressive mood, and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents:The moderating role of parental support.Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3363-3371.
Cole, D. A., Tram, J. M., Martin, J. M., Hoffman, K. B., Ruiz, M. D., Jacquez, F. M., & Maschman, T. L. (2002). Individual differences in the emergence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents:A longitudinal investigation of parent and child reports.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(1), 156-165.
Elder, G. H., Johnson, M. K., & Crosnoe, R. (2003). The emergence and development of life course theory. In J. T. Mortimer & M. J. Shanahan (Eds.),Handbook of the Life Course (pp. 3-19). Springer US.
Gandhi, A., Luyckx, K., Molenberghs, G., Baetens, I., Goossens, L., Maitra, S., & Claes, L. (2019). Maternal and peer attachment, identity formation, and non-suicidal self-injury:A longitudinal mediation study.Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 13, 7.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-019-0267-2
Gao, M., & Cummings, E. M. (2019). Understanding parent-child relationship as a developmental process:Fluctuations across days and changes over years.Developmental Psychology, 55(5), 1046-1058.
Gao, Y., Wang, H., Liu, X., Xiong, Y., & Wei, M. (2020). Associations between stressful life events, non-suicidal self-injury, and depressive symptoms among chinese rural-to-urban children:Athree-wave longitudinal study. Stress and Health, 36(4), 522-532.
Gratz, K. L. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm:Preliminary data on the deliberate self-harm inventory.Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 253-263.
Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents.The Lancet, 379(9834), 2373-2382.
Hoff, E. R. (2010).The role of social support on risk factors and frequency of non-suicidal self-injury (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). University of North Dakota.
Javdani, S., Sadeh, N., & Verona, E. (2011). Suicidality as a function of impulsivity, callous-unemotional traits, and depressive symptoms in youth.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(2), 400-413.
Kim, J., & Pai, M. (2010). Volunteering and trajectories of depression.Journal of Aging and Health, 22(1), 84-105.
Kouros, C. D., & Garber, J. (2014). Trajectories of individual depressive symptoms in adolescents:Gender and family relationships as predictors.Developmental Psychology, 50(12), 2633-2643.
Law, B. M. F., & Shek, D. T. L. (2016). A 6-year longitudinal study of self-harm and suicidal behaviors among chinese adolescents in hong kong.Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 29(1 Suppl), S38-48.
Lim, K.-S., Wong, C. H., McIntyre, R. S., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Tran, B. X., … Ho, R. C. (2019). Global lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behavior, deliberate self-harm and non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents between 1989 and 2018:A meta-analysis.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4581.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224581
Lim, S., Lee, S. H., & Rhee, H. S. (2020). Developmental trajectory and relationships between adolescents' social capital, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms:A latent growth model.Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(5), 377-383.
Liu, J., Liu, X., Wang, H., & Gao, Y. (2021a).Examining the link between harsh parenting and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence:The role of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and depressive symptoms[Preprint]. In Review. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5609 52/v1
Liu, J., Liu, X., Wang, H., & Gao, Y. (2021b). Harsh parenting and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence:The mediating effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism.Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 15, 70.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00423-0
Liu, R. T. (2015). A developmentally informed perspective on the relation between stress and psychopathology:When the problem with stress is that there is not enough.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(1), 80-92.
Lyell, K. M., Coyle, S., Malecki, C. K., & Santuzzi, A. M. (2020). Parent and peer social support compensation and internalizing problems in adolescence.Journal of School Psychology, 83, 25-49.
Mackin, D. M., Perlman, G., Davila, J., Kotov, R., & Klein, D. N. (2017). Social support buffers the effect of interpersonal life stress on suicidal ideation and self-injury during adolescence.Psychological Medicine, 47(6), 1149-1161.
Manna, G., Falgares, G., Costanzo, G., La Sala, M. C., Lamis, D. A., & Musso, P. (2022). Cumulative childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury:The mediating and moderating role of perceived social support in asample of university students. Journal of Family Violence, 37(4), 657-669.
Mars, B., Heron, J., Crane, C., Hawton, K., Lewis, G., Macleod, J., Tilling, K., & Gunnell, D. (2014). Clinical and social outcomes of adolescent self harm:Population based birth cohort study.British Medical Journal, 349, g5954.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g5954
Marshall, S. K., Tilton-Weaver, L. C., & Stattin, H. (2013). Non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms during middle adolescence:A longitudinal analysis.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(8), 1234-1242.
McKenzie, K. C., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Nonsuicidal self-injury:An emotion regulation perspective.Psychopathology, 47(4), 207-219.
McLeod, G. F. H., Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2016). Adolescent depression, adult mental health and psychosocial outcomes at 30 and 35 years.Psychological Medicine, 46(7), 1401-1412.
Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. In S. NolenHoeksema, T. D. Cannon, & T. Widiger (Eds.),Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 339-363). Annual Reviews.
Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(5), 885-890.
Oddo, L. E., Felton, J. W., Meinzer, M. C., Mazursky-Horowitz, H., Lejuez, C. W., & Chronis-Tuscano, A. (2021). Trajectories of depressive symptoms in adolescence:The interplay of maternal emotion regulation difficulties and youth ADHD symptomatology.Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(7), 954-964.
Prinstein, M. J., Heilbron, N., Guerry, J. D., Franklin, J. C., Rancourt, D., Simon, V., & Spirito, A. (2010). Peer influence and nonsuicidal self injury:Longitudinal results in community and clinically-referred adolescent samples.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(5), 669-682.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale:A self-report depression scale for research in the general population.Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
Robinson, K., Garisch, J. A., & Wilson, M. S. (2021). Nonsuicidal self-injury thoughts and behavioural characteristics:Associations with suicidal thoughts and behaviours among community adolescents.Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 1247-1254.
Rodham, K., & Hawton, K. (2009). Epidemiology and phenomenology of nonsuicidal self-injury. In Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury:Origins, assessment, and treatment (pp. 37-62). American Psychological Association.
Romeo, R. D. (2010). Adolescence:A central event in shaping stress reactivity.Developmental Psychobiology, 52(3), 244-253.
Rueger, S., Malecki, C., Pyun, Y., Aycock, C., & Coyle, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of the association between perceived social support and depression in childhood and adolescence.Psychological Bulletin, 142(10), 1017-1067.
Rueter, M. A., & Kwon, H.-K. (2005). Developmental trends in adolescent suicidal ideation.Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15(2), 205-222.
Rutter, M. (2012). Resilience as a dynamic concept.Development and Psychopathology, 24(2), 335-344.
Smith, K. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2021). Social relationships and children's perceptions of adversity.Child Development Perspectives, 15(4), 228-234.
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012). Depression in adolescence.Lancet, 379(9820), 1056-1067.
Tilton-Weaver, L., Marshall, S. K., & Svensson, Y. (2019). Depressive symptoms and non-suicidal self-injury during adolescence:Latent patterns of short-term stability and change.Journal of Adolescence, 75, 163-174.
Wang, B., You, J., Lin, M.-P., Xu, S., & Leung, F. (2016). Developmental trajectories of nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescence and intrapersonal/interpersonal risk factors.Journal of Research on Adolescence, 27(2), 392-406.
Wang, X., Cai, L., Qian, J., & Peng, J. (2014). Social support moderates stress effects on depression.International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 8, 41.https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-41
Willner, P., Scheel-Krüger, J., & Belzung, C. (2013). The neurobiology of depression and antidepressant action.Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(10), 2331-2371.
Wu, N., Hou, Y., Zeng, Q., Cai, H., & You, J. (2021). Bullying experiences and nonsuicidal self-injury among chinese adolescents:A longitudinal moderated mediation model.Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(4), 753-766.
Xiao, Y., He, L., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Chang, W., & Yu, Z. (2020). Depression and deliberate self-harm among chinese left-behind adolescents:A dual role of resilience.Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 101883.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101883
Zhu, J., Chen, Y., & Su, B. (2020). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence:Longitudinal evidence of recursive associations with adolescent depression and parental rejection.Journal of Adolescence, 84, 36-44.
陈子循, 王晖, 冯映雪, 刘霞. (2020). 同伴侵害对留守青少年主观幸福感的影响:自尊和社会支持的作用. 心理发展与教育, 36(5), 605-614.
韩阿珠, 徐耿, 苏普玉.(2017).中国大陆中学生非自杀性自伤流行特征的Meta分析. 中国学校卫生, 38(11), 1665-1670.
侯金芹, 陈祉妍.(2016).青少年抑郁情绪的发展轨迹:界定亚群组及其影响因素. 心理学报, 48(8),957-968.
侯金芹, 陈祉妍.(2021). 2009年和2020年青少年心理健康状况的年际演变. 见 傅小兰, 张侃, 陈雪峰, 陈祉妍 (编). 心理健康蓝皮书:中国国民心理健康发展报告 (2019~2020) (pp. 188-202). 社会科学文献出版社.
黄垣成, 赵清玲, 李彩娜. (2021). 青少年早期抑郁和自伤的联合发展轨迹:人际因素的作用. 心理学报, 53(5), 515-526.
蒋家丽, 李立言, 李子颖, 雷秀雅, 孟泽龙. (2022). 青少年非自杀性自伤行为持续和停止的预测性因素. 心理科学进展, 30(7), 1536-1545.
李瑊妮, 陈小龙, 何恒, 顾婧瑶, 李欢欢, 刘文娟, … 黄鹏. (2016). 抑郁与非自杀性自伤相关性的Meta分析. 南昌大学学报(医学版), 56(6), 40-45.
邱依雯, 娄熠雪, 雷怡. (2021). 青少年抑郁:基于社会支持的视角. 心理发展与教育, 37(2), 288-297.
史滋福, 谢云天. (2019). 问题性网络使用对初中生自杀意念的影响:一个有调节的中介模型. 心理发展与教育, 35(5), 581-588.
苏志强, 邵景进, 张大均, 蒲坚. (2017). 童年中晚期友谊质量与抑郁的关系:一项纵向研究. 心理发展与教育, 33(4), 449-456.
徐夫真, 张玲玲, 魏星, 张文新, 陈亮, 纪林芹, 陈欣银. (2015). 青少年早期内化问题的稳定性及其与母亲教养的关系. 心理发展与教育, 31(2), 204-211.
赵金霞, 李振. (2017). 亲子依恋与农村留守青少年焦虑的关系:教师支持的保护作用. 心理发展与教育, 33(3), 361-367.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
周宗奎, 曹敏, 田媛, 黄淳, 杨秀娟, 宋友志. (2021). 初中生亲子关系与抑郁:自尊和情绪弹性的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 37(6), 864-872.
[1] WANG Yanhui, SHEN Zifeng, LAI Xuefen. The Relation between Parental Psychological Control and Adolescent Externalizing Problem Behavior: The Chain Mediating Role of Effortful Control and Deviant Peer Affiliation [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(2): 248-256.
[2] XIAO Jialin, LIANG Kaixin, HUANG Liuyue, WANG Enna, HUANG Qiaomin, HE Yunhan, LU Baolin, CHI Xinli. The Cumulative Effects, Relationship Model, and the Effects of Specific Positive Development Assets in Reducing Adolescent Depression [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(2): 257-269.
[3] YUAN Yuan, LIANG Zhoujian, ZHANG Li. Structural School Climate and Depression among Middle School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Social Support and Gender [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 869-876.
[4] HE Can, WEI Hua, DING Qian, GUI Yong. The Influence of Parents’ Working through Information and Communication Technologies after Hours on Harsh Parenting: Mediating Effect of Anxiety/Depression and Moderating Effect of Perceived Supervisor Support [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 903-912.
[5] LIU Qing, FENG Lan. The Mediating Role of Parenting between Parents' Marital Quality and Adolescents' Sibling Relationship and Its Gender Difference [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(5): 654-662.
[6] ZHANG Wen, WANG Zhenhong. The Relationship between Negative Life Events and the Internalizing Problems among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Social Support and the Moderating Role of Parent-adolescent Cohesion [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(5): 718-725.
[7] HU Yihao, XU Luyan, BIAN Xiaohua, ZHOU Ying, LIU Junsheng. Peer Victimization and Depression among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effects of Classroom Norm Salience for Aggression [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 542-549.
[8] XIN Guogang, ZHANG Libin, CHANG Ruisheng, ZHANG Yunyun. Bullying Victimization Trajectories in Early Adolescence: The Predictive Role of Depression, Self-esteem and Academic Achievement [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 568-579.
[9] BAO Zhenzhou, CHU Yijia, WANG Fan, LIU Xixi. Adolescents' Outsider Behaviors in School Bullying: The Roles of School Climate, School Connectedness and Moral Disengagement [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 580-589.
[10] ZHENG Xianliang, CHEN Huiping, WANG Xue, BAO Zhenzhou. Development Trends of Adolescents’ Internet Altruistic Behavior and the Influence of Social Class: A Longitudinal Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 333-341.
[11] ZHANG Pengcheng, LI Xi, HAN Wuyang, SHEN Yongjiang. The Effect of Lack of Sleep on Negative Emotion in Primary and Secondary School Students: A Chain Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 402-409.
[12] GAO Ling, MENG Wenhui, LIU Jiedi, YANG Jiping, WANG Xingchao. Parental Phubbing and Adolescent’s Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Roles of Self-esteem and Basic Empathy [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 439-448.
[13] PENG Haiyun, SHENG Liang, WANG Jinrui, ZHOU Ziyan, XIN Sufei. Changes of Adolescents’ Loneliness in China (2001~2019): The Perspective of Cross-temporal Meta-analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 449-456.
[14] LI Cirong, YANG Yanyu, LI Chunxuan. Interparental Conflict, Adolescents' Daily Self-efficacy and Daily Learning Engagement: The Mediating Roles of Daily Negative Emotion and Daily Rumination in the Moderating Effects of Interparental Conflict Influence [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 236-246.
[15] LI Xingkai, WU Junsheng, YAO Xiaotong, LIU Yingshan, REN Jie, CHEN Suiqing. The Relationship between Autistic and Intellectual Disabled Children's Behavior Problems and Parental Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Parenting Stress and the Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(1): 77-84.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd