Psychological Development and Education ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 584-591.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2022.04.15

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Childhood Trauma and Negative Emotions among College Students with Left-behind Experience: The Moderation of Resilience

ZHANG Chunyang1, XU Wei2   

  1. 1. Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation, Chongqing 402247;
    2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education(Beijing Normal University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
  • Published:2022-07-13

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Abstract: To investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and negative emotions among college students with left-behind experience and verify the moderating role of resilience, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 391 college students with left-behind experience using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale at the base-line as well as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale at the baseline and 3 months follow-up. The results showed that:(1) Compared with college students with left-behind experience who did not have childhood trauma, individuals who have childhood trauma had lower levels of resilience and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress; (2) After controlling for gender, age, family status, only child or not, and prior levels of negative emotion, childhood trauma and psychological resilience can significantly predict negative emotions after 3 months; (3) Resilience moderated the relationship between childhood trauma and negative emotion. At low levels of resilience, childhood trauma significantly predicted negative emotions of college students with left-behind experience; at high levels of resilience, the prediction effect was no longer significant. These findings show that childhood trauma is a risk factor for negative emotions of college students with left-behind experience. Resilience is a protective factor for negative emotions of college students with left-behind experience and appears to have positive effects in that it decreases the impact of childhood trauma on negative emotions in college students with left-behind experience.

Key words: college students, left-behind experience, childhood trauma, negative emotion, resilience

CLC Number: 

  • B844
Ai, H., & Hu, J. (2014). Psychological resilience moderates the impact of social support on loneliness of "left-behind" children.Journal of Health Psychology, 21(6), 1066-1073.
Antoine, Y., Bruno, A., Djamila, B., Raphaëlle, R., Thierry, D. A., Frank, B., … Wissam, E. H. (2020). Childhood maltreatment and clinical severity of treatment-resistant depression in a French cohort of outpatients (FACE-DR):One-year follow-up. Depression and Anxiety, 37(4), 365-374.
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York:International Universities Press.
Bernstein, D., Fink, L., & Bernstein, D. (1998). Childhood trauma questionnaire:a retrospective self-report manual. San Antonio:The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace & Company.
Bonsignori, R., Poletti, S., Riberto, M., Schüetze, G., Locatelli, C., Schwarz, M.,& Benedetti, F. (2017). Childhood trauma affects tryptophan metabolism in mood disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(S4), S803.
Boyda, D., McFeeters, D., Dhingra, K., & Rhoden, L. (2018). Childhood maltreatment and psychotic experiences:exploring the specificity of early maladaptive schemas. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(12), 2287-2301.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale:The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
Ding, H., Han, J., Zhang, M., Wang, K., Gong, J., & Yang, S. (2017). Moderating and mediating effects of resilience between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in Chinese children.Journal of Affective Disorders, 211, 130-135.
Goodwin, R. D., & Stein, M. B. (2004). Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States.Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 509-520.
Gong, J. B., & Chan, R. C. K. (2018). Early maladaptive schemas as mediators between childhood maltreatment and later psychological distress among Chinese college students.Psychiatry Research, 259, 493-500.
Han, L., Zhao, S. Y., Pan, X. Y., & Liao, C. J. (2018). The impact of students with left-behind experiences on childhood:The relationship between negative life events and depression among college students in China. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(1), 56-62.
Han, T. J., Felger, J. C., Lee, A., Mister, D., Miller, A. H., & Torres, M. A. (2015). Association of childhood trauma with fatigue, depression, stress, and inflammation in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy:Childhood trauma, breast cancer, radiation side effects.Psycho Oncology, 25(2), 187-193.
Hayes, A. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis.Journal of Educational Measurement, 51(3), 335-337.
Heim, C., Plotsky, P. M.,& Nemeroff, C. B. (2004). Importance of studying the contributions of early adverse experience to neurobiological findings in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(4), 641-648.
Humphreys, K. L., LeMoult, J., Wear, J. G., Piersiak, H. A., Lee, A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2020). Child maltreatment and depression:A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 102, 104361.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361
Huh, H. J., Kim, K. H., Lee, H. K., & Chae, J. H. (2017). The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample:The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 213, 44-50.
Kim, J. S., Jin, M. J., Jung, M. Y., Hahn, S. W., & Lee, S. H. (2017). Rumination as a mediator between childhood trauma and adulthood depression/anxiety in non-clinical participants. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1957.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01597
Lee, H. H., & Cranford, J. A. (2008). Does resilience moderate the associations between parental problem drinking and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing behaviors? A study of Korean adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 96(3), 213-221.
Li, J., Theng, Y. L., & Foo, S. (2015). Does psychological resilience mediate the impact of social support on geriatric depression? An exploratory study among Chinese older adults in Singapore.Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 14, 22-27.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states:Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behavior Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343.
Mandelli, L., Petrelli, C., & Serretti, A. (2015). The role of specific early trauma in adult depression:A meta-analysis of published literature. Childhood trauma and adult depression. European Psychiatry, 30(6), 665-680.
Masten, A. S. (2011). Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity:Frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy.Development & Psychopathology, 23(2), 493-506.
Menke, A., Lehrieder, D., Fietz, J., Leistner, C., Wurst, C., Stonawski, S., … Domschke, K. (2018). Childhood trauma dependent anxious depression sensitizes HPA axis function. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 98, 22-29.
Mȩtel, D., Arciszewska, A., Daren, A., Pionke, R., Cechnicki, A., Frydecka, D., & Gawȩda, Ł. (2020). Mediating role of cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences in young adults. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 14(1), 87-96.
Min, J. A., Yu, J. J., Lee, C. U., & Chae, J. H. (2013). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies contributing to resilience in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(8), 1190-1197.
Poole, J. (2016). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Depression:Resilience as a Moderator (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary.
Sexton, M. B., Hamilton, L., Mcginnis, E. W., Rosenblum, K. L., & Muzik, M. (2015). The roles of resilience and childhood trauma history:Main and moderating effects on postpartum maternal mental health and functioning.Journal of Affective Disorders, 174, 562-568.
Shi, J., Chen, Z., Yin, F., Zhao, J., Zhao, X., & Yao, Y. (2016). Resilience as moderator of the relationship between left-behind experience and mental health of Chinese adolescents.International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 62(4), 386-393.
Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2012). The science of resilience:implications for the prevention and treatment of depression.Science, 338(6103), 79-82.
Wiersma, J. E., Hovens, J. G. F. M., Oppen, P. V., Giltay, E. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2009). The importance of childhood trauma and childhood life events for chronicity of depression in adults.The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70(7), 983-989.
Wielaard, I., Comijs, H. C., Stek, M. L., & Rhebergen, D. (2017). Childhood abuse and the two-year course of late-life depression.American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(6), 633-643.
Young, J. E. (1994). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders:A schema-focused approach. Sarasota, FL:Professional Resource Press.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. (2003). Schema therapy:a practitioner's guide (pp. 1-62). New York:Guilford Press.
Youssef, N. A., Belew, D., Hao, G., Wang, X., & Su, S. (2016).Racial/ethnic differences in the association of childhood adversities with depression and the role of resilience. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 577-581.
Yu, X. N., & Zhang, J. X. (2007). Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with Chinese people. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(1), 19-30.
陈京军, 范兴华, 程晓荣, 王水珍. (2014). 农村留守儿童家庭功能与问题行为:自我控制的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 22(2), 319-323.
崔丽霞, 罗小婧, 肖晶. (2011). 儿童期创伤对特质抑郁和特质焦虑的影响:图式中介特异性研究. 心理学报, 43(10), 65-76.
段成荣, 吕利丹, 郭静, 王宗萍. (2013). 我国农村留守儿童生存和发展基本状况——基于第六次人口普查数据的分析. 人口学刊, 35(3), 37-49.
丁慧思, 韩娟, 张敏莉, 王燕玲, 雷鸣, 王开桥, … 余晓敏. (2017). 青少年抑郁症状与儿童期创伤、心理弹性的关系. 中国心理卫生杂志, 31(10), 798-802.
范兴华, 简晶萍, 陈锋菊, 于梦娇, 周妍, 谌俏. (2018). 家庭处境不利与留守儿童心理适应:心理资本的中介. 中国临床心理学杂志, 26(2), 353-357.
傅文青, 姚树桥, 于宏华, 赵幸福, 李茹, 李英, 张艳青. (2005). 儿童期创伤问卷在中国高校大学生中应用的信效度研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 13(1), 40-42.
龚栩, 谢熹瑶, 徐蕊, 罗跃嘉. (2010). 抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版(DASS-21)在中国大学生中的测试报告.中国临床心理学杂志, 18(4), 443-446.
席居哲, 左志宏, Wu, W. (2012). 心理韧性研究诸进路. 心理科学进展, 20(9), 1426-1447.
郝以辉, 王东方, 杨新华, 张雯, 孙梦, 黄玉洁, … 刘哲宁. (2019). 儿童期创伤对青少年精神病性体验的影响:心理弹性的调节效应. 中国临床心理学杂志, 27(3), 476-480.
李晓敏, 罗静, 高文斌, 袁婧. (2009). 有留守经历大学生的负性情绪、应对方式、自尊水平及人际关系研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 17(5), 104-106.
刘海霞, 王玖, 林林, 胡乃宝, 韩春蕾, 孙红卫. (2015). 高校有留守经历大学生心理健康现况调查. 中国卫生统计, 32(4), 636-638.
刘宇平, 郭笑, 白舒靓, 莫能嘉, 张卓, 杨波. (2019). 强戒人员童年创伤经历对攻击性的影响:链式中介效应分析. 中国临床心理学杂志, 27(4), 731-735.
潘贵霞, 李兵, 王静, 章功良, 莫茵, 陶欣荣. (2019). 有留守经历的大学生儿童期虐待与心理健康状况. 中华疾病控制杂志, 23(7), 840-844.
齐亚楠, 杨宁. (2020). 4~5岁留守学前儿童自我概念与社会退缩的关系——心理弹性的中介和调节作用. 学前教育研究, 2, 42-56.
秦红霞, 许燕, 杨颖, 蒋奖. (2019). 留守经历大学生儿童期创伤对抑郁的影响-分离和拒绝图式类别与人际关系敏感的链式中介作用. 中国特殊教育, 12, 55-62.
宋淑娟, 许秀萍, 尤金凤. (2020). 农村大学生的留守经历与心理韧性及逆境认知的关系. 中国心理卫生杂志, 34(4), 373-378.
文一, 刘琴, 张帆, 黄轲, 逯嘉, 郭雪, 王宏. (2015). 青少年心理弹性量表评估中国儿童心理弹性现状的 meta分析. 中国心理卫生杂志, 29(11), 826-832.
吴国来, 钟琼瑶, 任圆媛, 王吉华, 孙丽丽. (2017). 留守青少年父亲在位与心理弹性的关系:情绪调节的中介作用. 心理学探新, 37(5), 476-480.
杨雪岭, 冯现刚, 崔梓天. (2014). 大学生的留守经历与心理韧性、心理病理症状. 中国心理卫生杂志, 28(3), 227-233.
张春阳, 徐慰. (2020). 大学生留守经历与攻击性:安全感与自卑感的链式中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 28(1), 173-177.
张为杏, 王琦, 张跃兵, 翟金国. (2019). 留守经历对大学生心理韧性和负性情绪的影响. 精神医学杂志, 32(1), 45-48.
周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
[1] FAN Xianglin, CUI Yingjin. The Relationship between Objectified Body Consciousness and Restrained Eating Behavior among Female College Students: The Mediating Roles of Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation and Sociocultural Pressure [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(1): 122-131.
[2] ZHANG Huiru, ZHANG Weida, FU Wangqian, DENG Min, PENG Suhao, LI Yu. The Influence of Loneliness on Creative Inclination: Mediating Role of Boredom and Anxiety [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(1): 132-141.
[3] HE Anming, ZHANG Yurui, HUI Qiuping. The Relationship between Gratitude and Social Well-being in College Students: The Mediating Role of Phubbing and the Moderating Role of Negative Life Events [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 505-512.
[4] ZHANG Pengcheng, LI Xi, HAN Wuyang, SHEN Yongjiang. The Effect of Lack of Sleep on Negative Emotion in Primary and Secondary School Students: A Chain Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 402-409.
[5] LI Cirong, YANG Yanyu, LI Chunxuan. Interparental Conflict, Adolescents' Daily Self-efficacy and Daily Learning Engagement: The Mediating Roles of Daily Negative Emotion and Daily Rumination in the Moderating Effects of Interparental Conflict Influence [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 236-246.
[6] LU Minghui, WANG Rong, ZHANG Limin. Relationship between Parents’ Resilience and Emotional/Behavioral Problems in Children with ASD: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 247-254.
[7] ZENG Zihao, PENG Liyi, ZHAN Lin, LIU Shuangjin, OUYANG Xiaoyou, DING Daoqun, LI Zhihua, HU Yiqiu, FANG Xiaoyi. The Effect of Childhood Maltreatment on College Students’ Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-being and the Moderation Role of Gene [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 276-285.
[8] CAO Ruilin, MEI Songli, LIANG Leilei, LI Chuanen, ZHANG Ying. Relationship between Gratitude and Internet Addiction among College Students: The Mediating Role of Core Self-evaluation and Meaning in Life [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 286-294.
[9] CHEN Zixun, LI Jinwen, WANG Yumeng, LIU Xia. The Relationship between Cumulative Environmental Risk and Non-suicidal Self-injury among College Students: The Effects of Emotion Regulation Strategies [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(1): 109-120.
[10] DENG Linyuan, GAO Shiqing, WANG Jingyi, LI Beilei. The Relationship between Work-family Conflict and Depression in Primary and Middle School Teachers during COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(1): 121-131.
[11] ZHANG Lu, HUANG Xuefang, YOU Zhiqi, YE Na. Influence of Childhood Trauma on College Students' Belief in a Just World: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(6): 804-812.
[12] ZHENG Shuang, LIU Hongrui, LI Jing, XI Yu, YAO Meilin. Proactive Personality and College Students’ Entrepreneurial Preparation Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Intention and Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Social Support [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(6): 813-821.
[13] WANG Hao, YU Guoliang. The Relation between Attachment Anxiety and Depression among College Students: The Sequential Mediation Effects of Relational Aggression and Relationship Quality in Dating Relationships [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(6): 879-885.
[14] ZHU Lijun, YANG Qiang, YE Baojuan, CHEN Zhinan, ZHANG Li. Connectedness to Nature on College Students’ Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(6): 886-893.
[15] LIU Xiaojie, LI Yan. The Influence of Mother's Perception of Coparenting on Behavior Problems among Preschoolers: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(5): 626-634.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd