Psychological Development and Education ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 9-15,23.

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Exuberance and Self-Control as Predictors of Social Adjustment 5 Years Later：The Moderating Role of Parenting

SUN Ling1, LIANG Zong-bao2, CHEN Hui-chang3, CHEN Xin-yin4   

  1. 1. School of Social Development, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Research Center of Learning Science/Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096, China;
    3. Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    4. Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvalia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6216, USA
  • Online:2014-01-15 Published:2014-01-15

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Abstract: The current study focused on the early temperamental predictors of children's social competence and academic performance in the first year in elementary school. One hundred and twenty-five children at age 2 years were randomly selected in Beijing. We examined their exuberance and self-control through laboratory observations. Academic performance and social competence were assessed using teacher ratings five years later when the participants were in elementary school. Data on parenting behaviors were collected using parental reports. Multiple regression analyses and simple slope analyses revealed a series of findings. First, relations between exuberance and children's school adjustment depended on parenting behaviors. Exuberance negatively predicted children's task orientation and positively predicted learning problems, but only for the children with low scores on parental restriction. Exuberance also negatively predicted children's task orientation for the children with high scores on parental control. Second, self-control at age 2 positively and significantly predicted academic performance and all the indices of social competence at age 7.Our results suggest that parents should encourage their children to exert self-control and help their exuberant children by using low control and high restriction parenting styles.

Key words: exuberance, self-control, parenting behavior, school adjustment, longitudinal study

CLC Number: 

  • B844.1

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