Psychological Development and Education ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 478-485.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2019.04.11

Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Association between Family Income and Well-being: The Mediating Role of Social Support and the Moderating Role of Gender

CHU Xiaoyuan1, LI Yuan1, WANG Xingchao2, WANG Yuhui3, LEI Li3   

  1. 1. School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876;
    2. School of Educational Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006;
    3. Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872
  • Published:2019-08-28

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Abstract: To investigate the relationship between family income, social support, gender and well-being of adolescents, totally 520 senior high school students were recruited to participate in this study. They completed the general well-being schedule, social support appraisal scale and reported their family annual income. The results indicated that:(1) Family income significantly positively predicted the well-being of high school students, and social support played a fully mediating role between family income and the well-being. (2) Gender moderated the first path of the mediated effect of social support. To be more specific, the relationship between family income and well-being was stronger for female students relative to the males. These findings contributed to our understanding of the potential mechanism between family income and well-being of adolescents. Moreover, it also provided some constructive suggestions for protecting and improving the well-being of high school students.

Key words: family income, well-being, social support, gender, senior high school students

CLC Number: 

  • B844
Bae, D., & Wickrama, K. A. S. (2014). Family socioeconomic status and academic achievement among Korean adolescents:Linking mechanisms of family processes and adolescents' time use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 35(7), 1014-1038.
Blake, J. (1981). Family size and the quality of children. Demography, 18(4), 421-442.
Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Kim, S., & Brown, A. C. (2002). Longitudinal pathways to competence and psychological adjustment among African American children living in rural single-parent households. Child Development, 73(5), 1505-1516.
Buckley, K. E., Winkel, R. E., & Leary, M. R. (2004). Reactions to acceptance and rejection:Effects of level and sequence of relational evaluation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(1), 14-28.
Chaplin, L. N. (2008). Please may I have a bike? Better yet, may I have a hug? An examination of children's and adolescents' happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(5), 541-562.
Chu, C. Y. C., Xie, Y., & Yu, R. R. (2007). Effects of sibship structure revisited:Evidence from intrafamily resource transfer in Taiwan. Sociology of Education, 80(2), 91-113.
Coall, D. A., Meier, M., Hertwig, R., Wänke, M., & H pflinger, F. (2009). Grandparental investment:The influence of reproductive timing and family size. American Journal of Human Biology, 21(4), 455-463.
Conger, R. D., & Donnellan, M. B. (2007). An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 58(1), 175-199.
Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T. R. (2000). Examining the social context of bullying behaviours in early adolescence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(3), 326-333.
Fernández, I., Silván-Ferrero, P., Molero, F., Gaviria, E., & García-Ael, C. (2014). Perceived discrimination and well-being in Romanian immigrants:The role of social support. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 857-870.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology:The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226.
Guo, G., & Harris, K. M. (2000). The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development. Demography, 37(4), 431-447.
Hannum, E. (2005). Market transition, educational disparities, and family strategies in rural China:New evidence on gender stratification and development. Demography, 42(2), 275-299.
Hannum, E., Kong, P., & Zhang, Y. (2009). Family sources of educational gender inequality in rural China:A critical assessment. International Journal of Educational Development, 29(5), 474-486.
Hyde, L. W., Gorka, A., Manuck, S. B., & Hariri, A. R. (2011). Perceived social support moderates the link between threat-related amygdale reactivity and trait anxiety. Neuropsychologia, 49(4), 651-656.
Lee, C. Y. S., Anderson, J. R., Horowitz, J. L., & August, G. J. (2009). Family income and parenting:The role of parental depression and social support. Family Relations, 58(4), 417-430.
Masarik, A. S., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Stress and child development:A review of the family stress model. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 85-90.
Matz, S. C., Gladstone, J. J., & Stillwell, D. (2016). Money buys happiness when spending fits our personality. Psychological Science, 27(5), 715-725.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2009). An attachment and behavioral systems perspective on social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(1), 7-19.
North, R. J., Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., & Cronkite, R. C. (2008). Family support, family income, and happiness:A 10-year perspective. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(3), 475-483.
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006). Character strengths and happiness among young children:Content analysis of parental descriptions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 323-341.
Pickett, K. E., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2010). Inequality:An underacknowledged source of mental illness and distress. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(6), 426-428.
Raphael, D. (2011). Poverty in childhood and adverse health outcomes in adulthood. Maturitas, 69(1), 22-26.
Sacks, D. W., Stevenson, B., & Wolfers, J. (2012). The new stylized facts about income and subjective well-being. Emotion, 12(6), 1181-1187.
Sohn, K. (2015). The role of spousal income in the wife's happiness. Social Indicators Research, 126(3), 1007-1024.
Spruk, R., & Kešeljević, A. (2015). Institutional origins of subjective well-being:Estimating the effects of economic freedom on national happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 659-712.
Tan, C. S., Krishnan, S. A., & Lee, Q. W. (2016). The role of self-esteem and social support in the relationship between extraversion and happiness:A serial mediation model. Current Psychology, 36(3), 556-564.
Trivers, R. L., & Willard, D. E. (1973). Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring. Science, 179(4068), 90-92.
Tsai, J. H. C. (2006). Xenophobia, ethnic community, and immigrant youths' friendship network formation. Adolescence, 41(162), 285-298.
Vaux, A., Phillips, J., Holly, L., Thomson, B., Williams, D., & Stewart, D. (1986). The social support appraisals (SS-A) scale:Studies of reliability and validity. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(2), 195-218.
Woodward, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (1999). Childhood peer relationship problems and psychosocial adjustment in late adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27(1), 87-104.
鲍振宙, 张卫, 赖雪芬, 王艳辉. (2016). 家庭收入与青少年睡眠质量的关系:歧视知觉、自尊的链式中介作用. 心理科学, 39(2), 350-356.
邓林园, 马博辉, 武永新. (2015). 初中生依恋与主观幸福感:自尊的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 31(2), 230-238.
郭剑雄. (2005). 人力资本、生育率与城乡收入差距的收敛. 中国社会科学, (3), 27-37.
李素利, 张金隆, 刘汕. (2014). 养老保障政策价值对民营企业职工养老生活支持感的影响机制——以生活满意度和收入为调节变量. 心理学报, 46(1), 125-140.
刘爱玉, 佟新. (2014). 性别观念现状及其影响因素——基于第三期全国妇女地位调查. 中国社会科学, (2), 116-129,207.
罗伏生, 沈丹, 张珊明, 王小凤, 袁红梅, 李志强. (2009). 贫困大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 17(3), 272-274.
倪亚琨, 郭腾飞, 陈萍, 王明辉. (2015). 受艾滋病影响儿童领悟社会支持对自尊的影响:安全感、同伴关系的复合式多元中介效应. 中国临床心理学杂志, 23(4), 695-700.
石国兴, 杨海荣. (2006). 中学生主观幸福感相关因素分析. 中国心理卫生杂志, 20(4), 238-241.
汪向东, 王希林, 马弘. (1999). 心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版). 北京:中国心理卫生杂志社.
王永, 王振宏. (2013). 大学生的心理韧性及其与积极情绪、幸福感的关系. 心理发展与教育, 29(1), 94-100.
温忠麟, 叶宝娟. (2014). 有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补. 心理学报, 46(5), 714-726.
吴宝沛, 朱小琴, 张雷. (2013). 祖辈投资的个体差异:进化心理学的视角. 心理科学进展, 21(11), 2082-2090.
谢其利, 宛蓉, 张睿, 江光荣. (2016). 歧视知觉与农村贫困大学生孤独感:核心自我评价、朋友支持的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 32(5), 614-622.
辛自强, 池丽萍, 耿柳娜, 赵秀梅, 王炯. (2007). 青少年社会支持评价量表的修订与应用. 中国心理卫生杂志, 21(6), 379-381.
张书朋, 张庆垚, 李彩娜. (2015). 领悟社会支持性别差异的元分析. 心理发展与教育, 31(4), 393-401.
赵莉, 雷雳. (2003). 关于校内欺负行为中受欺负者研究的述评. 心理科学进展, 11(6), 668-674.
[1] GUO Jiacheng, DONG Rouchun, XU Fang, XU Xuan, NIU Gengfeng, ZHOU Zongkui. The Relationship between Social Presence and College Students’ Online Flaming: The Parallel Mediating Roles of Dual Self-awareness and the Moderating Role of Gender [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(2): 176-186.
[2] WANG Yulong, ZHAO Jingfei, LIN Xiuyun. Cumulative Effects of Family Risk Factors on Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury and Its Gender Difference [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(2): 240-247.
[3] ZOU Shengqi, WU Xinchun. Association between Parental Conflict and Peer Attachment: An Examination of the Mediation Effect of Parent-adolescent Attachment and Gender Difference [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 798-807.
[4] TANG Yingying, LIN Xiuyun, YIN Jinxiu, HE Ting, ZHOU Shaojia, CAO Zhitao. Congruence and Incongruence of Mother-child Attachment and Grandmother-child Attachment: Links with Children’s Subjective Well-being [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 859-868.
[5] YUAN Yuan, LIANG Zhoujian, ZHANG Li. Structural School Climate and Depression among Middle School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Social Support and Gender [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 869-876.
[6] WU Xiaojing, GAI Xiaosong, LI Xiaotian, GU Tingyu, WANG Hong. The Relationship between Family Economic Strain and Adolescents’ Well-being: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Discrimination and The Moderating Effect of Sense of Control [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 877-886.
[7] PENG Haiyun, SHENG Liang, QIU Fanshuo, ZHOU Ziyan, XIN Sufei. Psychological Burden Reduction Starts from Dealing with Boredom: The Influencing Mechanism of Boredom Proneness on Subjective Well-being among Adolescents [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 895-902.
[8] ZHANG Wen, WANG Zhenhong. The Relationship between Negative Life Events and the Internalizing Problems among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Social Support and the Moderating Role of Parent-adolescent Cohesion [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(5): 718-725.
[9] LI Tiantian, DONG Huiqin. Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict and Anxiety: The Mediating Effect of Attention to Positive and Negative Information and the Moderating Effect of Gender [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 488-496.
[10] HE Anming, ZHANG Yurui, HUI Qiuping. The Relationship between Gratitude and Social Well-being in College Students: The Mediating Role of Phubbing and the Moderating Role of Negative Life Events [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 505-512.
[11] ZHAO Xian, WANG Zhihang, WANG Dongfang, YUAN Yanyun, YIN Xiayun, LI Zhihua. Developmental Trajectory of Prosocial Behavior in Impoverished Children during Early Adolescence: The Effects of Gender and Parenting Style Heterogeneity [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 323-332.
[12] ZHANG Pengcheng, LI Xi, HAN Wuyang, SHEN Yongjiang. The Effect of Lack of Sleep on Negative Emotion in Primary and Secondary School Students: A Chain Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 402-409.
[13] WANG Yue, XIONG Yuke, REN Ping, YANG Liu, MIAO Wei. Effects of Bully-victimization on Proactive and Reactive Aggression in Early Adolescence: The Role of Moral Disengagement and Gender [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 410-418.
[14] LI Jinwen, BAI Rong, WANG Yumeng, LIU Xia. The Relationship between Developmental Trajectories of Adolescents’ Depression and Self-injury: A Two-year Longitudinal Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 429-438.
[15] ZENG Zihao, PENG Liyi, ZHAN Lin, LIU Shuangjin, OUYANG Xiaoyou, DING Daoqun, LI Zhihua, HU Yiqiu, FANG Xiaoyi. The Effect of Childhood Maltreatment on College Students’ Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-being and the Moderation Role of Gene [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 276-285.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd