儿童类别学习中知识效应的年龄差异

心理发展与教育 ›› 2005, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 75-80.

儿童类别学习中知识效应的年龄差异

张阔¹, 阴国恩², 王敬欣²

1. 天津大学职业技术教育学院, 天津, 300072;
2. 天津师范大学心理与行为研究中心, 天津, 300074

出版日期:2005-04-15 发布日期:2005-04-15
作者简介:张阔(1975- ),男,河南人,天津大学职教学院,博士.E-mail:zhkuo@126.com
基金资助:
教育部十五规划项目(01JAXLX009);江西省教育科学十五规划项目(04YB077).

The Age-related Difference of Knowledge Effects in Children’s Category Learning

ZHANG Kuo¹, YIN Guo-en², WANG Jing-xin²

1. School of technical education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072;
2. Center of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074

Online:2005-04-15 Published:2005-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用特征主题的类别学习实验范式,考察了儿童类别学习中知识效应的年龄差异。63名小学4年级学生(年龄范围9～10岁)、65名小学6年级学生(年龄范围11～12岁)和77名初中2年级学生(年龄范围13～14岁)参加了本实验。结果表明:当类别特征能够在已有知识的基础上形成主题时,3个年龄组儿童类别学习的轮次和错误数均显著下降,而且主题突出时,这种趋势更加明显;在统一主题条件下,小学4年级、小学6年级和初中2年级3个年龄组儿童类别学习的轮次和错误数依次减少;而在无主题和突出主题条件下,3个年龄组儿童类别学习的成绩无显著差异。

关键词: 类别学习, 知识效应, 年龄差异

Abstract: Following the features-theme paradigm of Kaplan and Murphy,a 3×3 multi-factor experiment is designed to examine the age-related difference of the knowledge effects in children's category learning.And the artificial categories with family resemblance are used as materials.205 students participated in this research,including 3 age groups from 4,6 and 8 grades respectively of primary school and middle school.The results show children would rather construct categories by themes based on prior knowledge than by appearance similarity,especially when the themes are apparent;and the results also indicate the senior group made more advance by prior knowledge than the younger group.

Key words: age-related difference, knowledge effects, category learning

中图分类号:

G442

张阔, 阴国恩, 王敬欣. 儿童类别学习中知识效应的年龄差异[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2005, 21(2): 75-80.

ZHANG Kuo, YIN Guo-en, WANG Jing-xin. The Age-related Difference of Knowledge Effects in Children’s Category Learning[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2005, 21(2): 75-80.

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