内外线索对小学生学习判断的影响

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.05.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究基于线索利用模型考察内在线索（学习项目的唤醒度和效价）和外在线索（定向遗忘指令）如何影响三年级和五年级小学生的学习判断，并揭示二者可能的交互机制。在呈现高、低唤醒（实验1）或中性、负性（实验2）图片后要求被试记忆或遗忘该图片，随后对记忆或遗忘的自信程度进行学习判断。结果显示，（1）小学生的学习判断分别受到定向遗忘指令（记忆 > 遗忘）和唤醒度（高唤醒 > 低唤醒）影响；（2）效价对三年级学习判断的影响（中性 > 负性）独立于定向遗忘指令，而对五年级学习判断的影响取决于定向遗忘指令（记忆线索下中性大于负性，遗忘线索下无差异）；（3）五年级的绝对准确性好于三年级。这表明小学生具有利用内在（唤醒度和效价）和外在线索（定向遗忘指令）进行学习判断的能力，且随年龄而增强。

关键词: 学习判断, 线索, 定向遗忘, 小学生, 唤醒度, 效价

Abstract: Based on the cue-utilization model, this study investigated the effects of intrinsic cues (arousal and valence of study items) and extrinsic cues (directed forgetting instructions) on judgment of learning (JOL) among third- and fifth-grade elementary school students, and revealed the possible interaction mechanism between them. Participants were instructed to remember or forget pictures that varied in arousal (high vs. low, Experiment 1) or valence (neutral vs. negative, Experiment 2), after which they provided JOLs regarding their confidence in remembering or forgetting each image. The results showed that: (1) Children’s JOLs were influenced by directed forgetting instructions (remember > forget) and arousal level (high arousal > low arousal); (2) The effect of valence on JOLs (neutral > negative) was independent of directed forgetting instructions for third graders, but for fifth graders, it depended on such instructions (neutral > negative under remember instructions, no difference under forget instructions); (3) Fifth graders exhibited better absolute accuracy than third graders. These findings suggest that elementary school children possess the ability to utilize both intrinsic (arousal and valence) and extrinsic (directed forgetting instructions) cues in making JOLs, and this ability improves with age.

Key words: judgment of learning, cue, directed forgetting, children, arousal, valence

中图分类号:

G442

夏丽燕, 张磊, 高贺明, 齐铭铭. 内外线索对小学生学习判断的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(5): 664-675.

XIA Liyan, ZHANG Lei, GAO Heming, QI Mingming. Effects of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Cues on Judgment of Learning among Elementary School Students[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(5): 664-675.

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