客体和空间工作记忆中三维图形的特征加工时程

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2019.05.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用单探测变化觉察范式，对三维图形的特征在客体和空间工作记忆中的加工时程进行了探讨。实验一的材料是由不同颜色和形状组成的规则立体图形。实验二的材料是由不同颜色和图案组成的六棱柱。实验结果显示：（1）客体和空间工作记忆绩效均随识记项目数的增加而显著下降；（2）随着刺激呈现时间的延长，客体工作记忆绩效显著提高，空间工作记忆绩效无明显增加；且在三种呈现时间条件下，空间工作记忆绩效均高于客体工作记忆；（3）三维图形中颜色特征的检测绩效优于形状、图案和特征捆绑。这些结果表明，视觉工作记忆中三维图形的特征加工存在显著的时程效应，空间位置加工最早完成，其次是颜色加工，然后是形状与颜色-形状的捆绑，最后是图案与颜色-图案的捆绑。

关键词: 客体工作记忆, 空间工作记忆, 特征加工, 捆绑, 时程

Abstract: By using single change-detection paradigm,we studied the time course for feature processing for 3-D graphics in object and spatial working memory. Stimuli presented in experiment 1 were regular three-dimensional graphics of different colors and shapes. And those in experiment 2 were six-prisms consisting of different colors and detailed patterns. The experimental results show that:(1) The performance of object and spatial working memory both decreased with the set size increased. (2) The performance of object working memory significantly improved with the extension of the presentation time, but that of spatial working memory didn't improved significantly. Under three conditions of presentation time, the performances of spatial working memory were better than those of object working memory. (3) Subjects' performance of color processing for 3-D graphics was better than that of shape, pattern, and feature binding. Results suggest that there is significant time course effect. The processing of spatial location finished earliest, then the color, and then the shape and the binding of color and shape, the processing of patterns and binding of color and pattern finished at the latest.

Key words: object working memory, spatial working memory, feature processing, binding, time course

吴文春, 陈嘉倩, 刘昌. 客体和空间工作记忆中三维图形的特征加工时程[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(5): 513-521.

WU Wenchun, CHEN Jiaqian, LIU Chang. Time Course of Feature Processing for 3-D Graphics in Object and Spatial Working Memory[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2019, 35(5): 513-521.

参考文献

Adam, K. C. S., Vogel, E. K., & Awh, E. (2017). Clear evidence for item limits in visual working memory. Cognitive Psychology, 97, 79-97.
Allen, R. J., Baddeley, A.D., & Hitch, G. J. (2006). Is the Binding of Visual Features in Working Memory Resource-Demanding? Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 135(2), 298-313.
Baddeley, A.D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, 56(11), 851.
Delvenne, J. F., & Bruyer R. (2004). Does visual short-term memory store bound features? Visual Cognition, 11(1):1-27.
Ecker, U. K. H., Mayberry, M., & Zimmer, H. D. (2013). Binding of intrinsic and extrinsic features in working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 142, 218-234.
Eng, H. Y., Chen, D., & Jiang, Y. (2005). Visual working memory for simple and complex visual stimuli. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 12(6), 1127-1133.
Humphreys, G. W., Cinel, C., Wolfe, J., Olson, A., & Klempen, N. (2000). Fractionating the binding process:Neuropsychological evidence distinguishing binding of form from binding of surface features. Vision research, 40(10), 1569-1596.
Im, H. Y., & Halberda, J. (2010). The time course of consolidation of ensemble feature in visual working memory[Abstract]. Journal of Vision, 10(7), 760.
Johnson, J. S., Hollingworth, A., & Luck, S. J. (2008). The role of attention in the maintenance of feature bindings in visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,34, 41-55.
Logie, R. H., Brockmole, J. R., & Jaswal, S. (2011). Feature binding in visual short-term memory is unaffected by task-irrelevant changes of location, shape, and color. Memory & Cognition, 39, 24-36.
Klauer, K.C., & Zhao, Z. (2004). Double dissociations in visual and spatial short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 133(3), 355-381.
Shaw, R.M., Helmes, E., & Mitchell, D.(2006). Age-related change in visual, spatial and verbal memory. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 25(25), 14-19.
Rhodes, S., Parra, M., & Logie, R. (2016). Aging and feature binding in visual working memory:The role of presentation time. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(4), 654-668.
Smith, E.E., Jonides, J., Koeppe, R.A., Awh, E.,Schumacher, E., & Minoshima, S. (1995). Spatial vs. object working memory:PET investigations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7(3), 337-356.
Shen, M. W., Huang, X., & Gao, Z. F. (2015). Object-Based Attention Underlies the Rehearsal of Feature Binding in Visual Working Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance, 41(2), 479-493.
Soto, D., Humphreys, G. W., & Heinke, D. (2006). Working memory can guide pop-out search. Vision Research, 46(6-7), 1010-1018.
Svein, M. (2000). Low-level memory processes in vision. Trends in Neuroscience, 23, 247-251.
Treisman, A. M., & Gelade, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive psychology, 12, 97-136.
Van Hooser, S. D., & Nelson, S. B. (2006). The squirrel as a rodent model of the human visual system. Visual neuroscience, 23(05),765-778.
Vogel, E. K., Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (2006). The time course of consolidation in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance, 32(6), 1436-1451.
Wheeler, M. E., & Treisman, A. M. (2002). Binding in short-term visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 131(1), 48-64.
Treisman, A., & Zhang, W. (2006). Location and binding in visual working memory. Memory & Cognition, 34(8), 1704-1719.
Zokaei, N., Heider, M., & Husain, M. (2014). Attention is required for maintenance of feature binding in visual working memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,67,1191-1213.
陈彩琦,刘志华,金志成. (2003). 特征捆绑机制的理论模型.心理科学进展, 11(6), 616-622.
陈妍. (2012). 三维图形用户界面的视觉传达性研究(硕士学位论文). 江南大学, 无锡.
陈盼盼.(2018). 客体注意对视觉工作记忆中捆绑特征关系记忆的影响——基于ERP的证据(硕士学位论文). 河北师范大学,石家庄.
狄胜德. (2006). 视觉客体工作记忆中图形特征存储与捆绑的时程问题研究(硕士学位论文).东北师范大学,长春.
丁锦红, 王丽燕, 郭春彦. (2004). 时-空整合影响图形识别的眼动研究. 心理科学, 27(2), 477-479.
傅亚强,林彩虹,杨雅茹. (2018). 有意义多特征客体在工作记忆中的捆绑与提取过程. 杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),17(2), 136-142.
何旭,郭春彦.(2013) 视觉工作记忆的容量与资源分配. 心理科学进展, 21(10),1741-1748.
刘飞,王恩国.(2010).客体工作记忆研究的现状和展望,心理科学进展, 28(2),200-209.
刘晓平,王兆新,陈湘川,张达人.(2003). 视觉工作记忆中的子系统. 心理学报, 35(5), 598-603.
刘志华. (2004). 视觉特征捆绑的认知及神经机制研究(博士学位论文),华南师范大学, 广州.
罗良, 林崇德, 陈桄. (2010). 注意次级任务对客体与空间工作记忆信息保持的选择性干扰. 心理发展与教育, 6, 561-568.
沈模卫,李杰,郎学明,高涛,高在峰,水仁德. (2007). 客体在视觉工作记忆中的存储机制.心理学报, 39(05),761-767.
宋耀武, 郝红杰. (2008). 视觉工作记忆中的加工与存储机制:回顾与思考. 心理科学, 31(6),1431-1434.
孙慧明, 傅小兰. (2011). 视觉工作记忆巩固机制:固化抑或衰退. 心理科学进展, 19(11), 1605-1614.
吴凡. (2018). 客体注意在工作记忆加工绑定中的特性(博士学位论文). 浙江大学, 杭州.
吴文春. (2013). 两维特征图形的客体和空间工作记忆存储研究. 心理发展与教育, 29(3), 247-254.
吴文春, 孙悦亮. (2013). 图形规则性对客体和空间工作记忆存储的影响. 心理与行为研究, 11(2), 205-210.
吴文春, 孙悦亮, 徐学. (2017). 三维图形的客体和空间工作记忆存储机制. 心理发展与教育, 33(2), 145-152.
吴文春, 徐学, 郑允佳. (2018). 三维图形的视空间工作记忆容量研究. 心理学探新, 38(3), 215-220.
沃建中, 罗良, 林崇德, 吕勇. (2005). 客体与空间工作记忆的分离:来自皮层慢电位的证据. 心理学报, 37(6), 729-738.
禤宇明, 傅小兰. (2005). 视觉工作记忆中的特征捆绑. 心理科学进展, 13(4),421-427.
薛成波,叶超雄,张引,刘强. (2015). 视觉工作记忆中特征绑定关系的记忆机制. 心理学报, 47(7), 851-858.
张豹,黄赛,候秋霞. (2014). 工作记忆表征捕获眼动中的颜色优先性. 心理学报,46(1), 17-26.
张明,狄胜德.(2007).视觉客体工作记忆中图形特征存储与捆绑时程.心理科学, 30(5), 1073-1076.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

[1]	王凯旋, 苗沂林, 车晓玮, 李寿欣. 空间工作记忆负载对中央注视线索返回抑制的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(6): 649-655.
[2]	吴文春, 孙悦亮, 徐学. 三维图形的客体和空间工作记忆存储机制[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2017, 33(2): 145-152.
[3]	吴文春. 两维特征图形的客体和空间工作记忆存储研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(3): 247-254.
[4]	罗良, 林崇德, 陈桄. 注意次级任务对客体与空间工作记忆信息保持的选择性干扰[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2010, 26(6): 561-568,576.
[5]	罗良, 林崇德. 言语次级干扰任务对客体与空间信息保持的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2010, 26(2): 113-120.