父母教养行为与儿童心理健康关系的三水平元分析

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2026.04.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 父母教养行为影响儿童成长环境的情绪氛围,对心理健康具有重要意义。本研究采用三水平元分析和相对权重分析,考察父母教养行为与儿童心理健康的效应量大小以及前者对后者的相对重要性。经搜索和筛选,共纳入文献170篇,共计823个效应量,174个独立样本,总样本量为142830。元分析结果表明,温暖、结构、自主支持与儿童积极心理健康状态呈显著正相关(r_温暖=0.40;r_结构=0.15;r_自主支持=0.30),与消极心理健康状态呈显著负相关(r_温暖=-0.29;r_结构=-0.20;r_自主支持= -0.20),拒绝、心理控制、严厉惩罚与儿童积极心理健康状态呈显著负相关(r_拒绝=-0.25;r_心理控制= -0.09;r_严厉惩罚= -0.17),与消极心理健康状态呈显著正相关(r_拒绝=0.30;r_心理控制=0.24;r_严厉惩罚=0.25)。相对权重分析表明,积极教养行为对儿童心理健康方差的相对贡献排序为:温暖、自主支持、结构;消极教养行为对儿童心理健康方差的相对贡献排序为:拒绝、心理控制、严厉惩罚。研究系统考察了父母教养行为与儿童心理健康的关系及各类教养行为的相对重要性,为家庭干预提供科学依据。

关键词: 教养行为, 儿童心理健康, 三水平元分析, 相对权重分析

Abstract: Parenting practices serve as the foundation for children’s positive development and play a critical role in their mental health. This study employed a three-level meta-analysis and relative weight analysis to investigate the relationships between parenting practices and children’s mental health and relative importance of parenting practices. A total of 170 studies comprising 823 effect sizes, 174 samples, and 142830 participants were included. Results revealed that warmth, structure and autonomy support were positively correlated with children’s positive mental health (r_warmth = 0.40; r_structure=0.15; r_autonomy _support=0.30), and negatively correlated with negative mental health (r_warmth=-0.29; r_structure=-0.20; r_autonomy _support=-0.20). Rejection, psychological control and harsh punishment were negatively correlated with children’s positive mental health (r_rejection=-0.25; r_{psychological} _control=-0.09; r_harsh _punishment=-0.17), and positively correlated with negative mental health (r_rejection =0.30; r_{psychological} _control =0.24; r_harsh _punishment =0.25). Among positive parenting practices, the ranking of variance explained in children’s mental health was: warmth>autonomy support>structure. Among negative parenting practices, the ranking of variance explained in children’s mental health was: rejection>psychological control>harsh punishment. These findings underscored the pivotal roles of warmth (as a protective factor) and rejection (as a risk factor) in shaping children’s mental health outcomes. The study systematically investigated the relationship between parenting practices and children’s mental health, as well as the relative importance of different parenting practices, thereby providing a scientific basis for family-based interventions.

Key words: parenting practices, children’s mental health, three-level meta-analysis, relative weight analysis

中图分类号:

B844

陈紫薇, 黄潇潇, 俞国良. 父母教养行为与儿童心理健康关系的三水平元分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(4): 563-576.

CHEN Ziwei, HUANG Xiaoxiao, YU Guoliang. A Three-level Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Parenting Practices and Children’s Mental Health[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2026, 42(4): 563-576.

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