前摄抑制对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和阅读障碍的言语工作记忆的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： ADHD和阅读障碍儿童在言语工作记忆上的缺陷得到了大量研究的证实,但是二者机制并不相同,前摄抑制对工作记忆容量产生了不利的影响,主要影响的也是中央执行功能。研究将最近探测任务和n-back任务相结合,直接比较被试在最近负探测和非最近负探测条件下记忆成绩的差异,以考察前摄抑制对两种障碍言语工作记忆的影响,被试是60名障碍儿童(阅读障碍和ADHD)和17名正常儿童,年龄均在7至12岁之间。结果发现,受前摄抑制的影响,正常被试和障碍被试成绩均明显下降,具体而言,ADHD和ADHD伴随阅读障碍组成绩大幅下滑(26.44%,28.44%),程度明显高于正常儿童和阅读障碍儿童(14.62%,15.84%),后两者差异并不明显,这说明前摄抑制是影响工作记忆容量的重要因素,并且ADHD儿童更加容易受到前摄抑制的影响,这是导致其工作记忆成绩缺损的重要原因,而阅读障碍儿童能够像正常儿童一样,在一定程度上处理前摄抑制,ADHD和阅读障碍组在言语工作记忆缺损机制上存在差异。

关键词: ADHD, 阅读障碍, 前摄抑制, 1-back

Abstract: Many studies had showed the verbal working memory problems of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) children,but the deficits of the two disorders were different in specific aspects of verbal working memory.Proactive interference was regarded as one of the most important central executives and contributed to the working memory span.In this study,a new task which consisted of recent probe task and verbal nback task was adopted to explore the disadvantageous influence of proactive interference (PI) on the verbal working memory.The effect of PI could be computed by the subtraction from the performance of the no nrecent probes to the performance of the recent negative probes.Sixty disorder children and seventeen normal children engaged in this study,aged between 7～12 years old.Compared with the no nrecent negative probes,all groups deteriorated in the recent negative probes; ADHD only and ADHD+RD groups decreased greatly (26.44%,28.44%),but the control and RD only groups decreased less (14.62%,15.84%) and no significant differences were found between RD only and control children.The results suggested that ADHD was more easily influenced by PI than RD and the ability of resisting PI of RD was not deficient; they also showed that there were different deficit mechanisms of verbal working memory in ADHD and RD.

Key words: ADHD, reading disability, proactive interference, 1-back

中图分类号:

B844.1

张微, 刘翔平, 宋红艳. 前摄抑制对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和阅读障碍的言语工作记忆的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2009, 25(2): 28-34.

ZHANG Wei, LIU Xiang-ping, SONG Hong-yan. The Influence of Proactive Interference on the Verbal Working Memory of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and Reading Disability(RD) Children[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2009, 25(2): 28-34.

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