4～6岁儿童对“偶得物品”与“拥有物品”的分享行为

心理发展与教育 ›› 2005, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 37-43.

4～6岁儿童对“偶得物品”与“拥有物品”的分享行为

王海梅, 陈会昌, 张光珍

北京师范大学发展心理研究所, 北京, 100875

出版日期:2005-07-15 发布日期:2005-07-15
通讯作者: 陈会昌,北京师范大学发展心理研究所教授.E-mail:chenhc1224@sina.com E-mail:chenhc1224@sina.com
基金资助:
全国教育科学规划重点项目《尊重平等教育与德育改革》部分成果,项目号BEB010468.

Shearing Behaviors On Occasionally Gained and Possessive Object in Old Children Aged4～6 years

WANG Hai-mei, CHEN Hui-chang, ZHANG Guang-zhen

Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875

Online:2005-07-15 Published:2005-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用被试内设计法,在三种实验条件下考察180名4～6岁儿童的分享判断及其对“偶得物品”与“拥有物品”的分享行为的发展。结果发现:(1)儿童在对分享故事情境进行不充当角色的判断时,90%的4岁儿童和100%的5岁、6岁儿童能做出正确判断。当他们进行充当故事中人物角色的判断时,4岁儿童判断的正确率降低到81%,5岁和6岁儿童的判断无变化。(2)4岁儿童中大约四分之一的人能够把在实验室情境中偶然得到的、自己喜欢的物品让给未得到该物品的同伴分享,能够这样做的5岁儿童大约有一半,而6岁儿童能够这样做的人达到七成以上,从4岁到6岁,发展趋势非常明显。(3)在对“自己拥有的”物品的分享上,大多数4～6岁儿童都不能将其让给在竞赛中失败、未获得该物品的同伴一同分享。(4)儿童在对分享情境的判断与他们的真实分享行为之间存在着不一致现象。

关键词: 分享, 偶得物品, 拥有物品

Abstract: In present study 180 children aged 4～6 years in participated a within-subject design experimental procedure consisted of three situations.The first is an oral judgment situation on other children's sharing behaviors, the second one is a real sharing behavior situation of occasional object,and third one is a real sharing behavior of own possessive object.Results show that(1)90% of 4 year olds and 100% of 5～6 years of age made a right judgment when they do not take role of story.When they took role of the story,the rate of right judgment of 4 year olds declined to 81%,but the judgment of 5～6 years of age was not changed.(2)About 25% of 4 year old children,50% of 5 year olds and 71% of 6 year olds shared own occasionally gained toy to their peer.The developmental trend is significant,a critical age is at 5 years of age.(3)Overwhelming children of 4 year old could not distinguish an occasionally gained object and an object that received in competition as bonus,but most children at 5～6 years of age viewed the bonus as "own possessive thing".Over 80% children of 4～6 year old were not willing to share such a bonus to the peer who lost in competition.(4)There is a no correspondence between sharing judgment and real sharing behaviors,it appear in the situation of sharing the occasionally gained object in part of 4～5 years of age children and overwhelming children of 4～6 years of age in the situation sharing own possessive object.

Key words: Sharing behavior, Occasionally Gained thing, Own possessive thing

中图分类号:

B844.12

王海梅, 陈会昌, 张光珍. 4～6岁儿童对“偶得物品”与“拥有物品”的分享行为[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2005, 21(3): 37-43.

WANG Hai-mei, CHEN Hui-chang, ZHANG Guang-zhen. Shearing Behaviors On Occasionally Gained and Possessive Object in Old Children Aged4～6 years[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2005, 21(3): 37-43.

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