摘要： 本研究旨在实验性地探究自我差异作为认知结构的存在性及其与情绪的关系.98名大学生参加了实验.实验Ⅰ考察自我差异类型与抑郁、焦虑水平的关系,结果表明:1)实际-理想、实际-应该自我差异均与焦虑存在显着相关,表明两种自我差异可作为焦虑水平的预测指标;2)中国被试的结果与美国研究结果有差异:美国的研究仅发现实际-应该自我差异与焦虑有关.本文对自我差异的文化学内容作了尝试性分析.实验Ⅱ考察“自我差异作为认知结构存在”的可能性及其与情绪的关系的性质.实际-理想自我差异较高、较低两组各12名被试对控制类、焦虑类形容词各12个作“是否适合描述自我”的判断,随后对判断过的形容词作自由回忆.结果表明:(1)两组被试自由回忆量无显着差异;(2)高自我差异组对焦虑类形容词反应时较短.该结果支持了实验假设:个体自我差异可能构成独特的认知结构,与特定情绪相联结,提高对该情绪信息的加工效率,对情绪有启动效应.
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