Psychological Development and Education ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 1-11.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.01.01

   

Analogy Reasoning Deficits in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Executive Function or Analogy Strategies?

ZHOU Haichun1, CHEN Yinghe2,3, QI Yue2,3, CHEN Yue1, DU Xingyu1, YU Lingjun4, YU Xiao1   

  1. 1. Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083;
    2. Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875;
    3. Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875;
    4. Henan Primary School, Wendeng District, Weihai 264400
  • Published:2025-01-22

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Abstract: Analogical reasoning is the central driver of individuals’ cognitive development. We recruited a total of 41 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 46 typically developing (TD) children and captured their eye movements in the process of completing the A∶B∶∶C∶D analogical reasoning task by eye-tracking technology. Differences in analogical reasoning performance and eye movement patterns between ADHD and TD children were examined. Furthermore, we investigated whether executive function or analogical reasoning strategies were associated with ADHD children’s deficits in analogical reasoning. The results showed that: (1) Children with ADHD had significantly lower correct rates and longer reaction times than TD children, and they spent significantly more time searching around the target situation and fixating on the perceptual distraction; (2) Children with ADHD had significantly lower inhibitory control abilities compared with TD children, whereas there was no significant difference in terms of analogical strategies. Besides, the hierarchical regression demonstrated that only inhibitory control significantly contributed to the group differences in analogical reasoning performance. These findings suggest that the deficits in executive function, rather than analogical strategies relate to the deficits in analogical reasoning in children with ADHD.

Key words: children with ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, analogical reasoning, eye movement, analogical strategies, executive function

CLC Number: 

  • B844
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