Psychological Development and Education ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 216-225.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.02.07

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Direct Access to Orthography in Second Language Written Production: Evidence from Different Writing Modes

LIU Yueyue1, HE Wenguang2, SHEN Guoqing2   

  1. 1. School of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165;
    2. School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165
  • Published:2025-03-17

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Abstract: To compare the role of phonology in orthographic access and the influence of language processes on action execution during Chinese-English bilinguals handwrote or typed second language(L2) words, the picture-word interference paradigm was adopted to explore the phonological and orthographic effects on the cognitive coding and action execution of the two different writing modes. Experiment 1 found that during handwriting, the orthographic priming effect appeared earlier than the phonological one in the phase of cognitive coding, and the former was still active in the phase of action execution. Experiment 2 found that during typing, the orthographic priming effect was also earlier than the phonological one in the phase of cognitive coding, nevertheless, no effects arose in the phase of action execution. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that: (1) Semantic could access the orthographic representation directly in the phase of cognitive coding for both handwriting and typing, which supported the orthographic autonomy hypothesis; (2) For handwriting, the orthographic process could be cascaded to the action execution, providing evidence for the cascaded model; however, linguistic processes were terminated before action execution for typing, which was in line with the serial model.

Key words: L2 written production, bilinguals, picture-word interference paradigm, handwriting, typing

CLC Number: 

  • G442
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