Psychological Development and Education ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 77-85.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.01.09

Previous Articles    

The Effect of Family Atmosphere on Self-esteem and Mental Health: A Three-year Longitudinal Study

LI Qiming1,2, LI Qi1,2   

  1. 1. Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756;
    2. Institute of Applied Psychology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756
  • Published:2025-01-22

PDF (PC)

Abstract: To explore the effects of family atmosphere and self-esteem on adolescents’ mental health, we conducted a three-year longitudinal study with an interval of one year from a total of 243 adolescents. Our results demonstrated that: (1) Family atmosphere and mental health were stable across three years with no significant change from each point (T1, T2, T3), whereas self-esteem showed an increasing trend across three years; (2) Cross-lagged analysis showed that only family atmosphere (T1) Could positively predict mental health (T2), and family atmosphere (T2) could positively predict mental health (T3); (3) Only self-esteem (T1) could positively predict mental health (T2), and self-esteem (T2) could positively predict mental health (T3), and it only supported the vulnerability model; (4) Self-esteem (T2) partly mediated the effects of family atmosphere (T1) on mental health (T3), besides, there was no significant gender difference in the cross-lagged model. These findings shed light on the importance of altering family atmosphere and promoting self-esteem in enhancing mental health.

Key words: family atmosphere, self-esteem, mental health, cross-lag analysis

CLC Number: 

  • B844
Arsandaux, J., Galéra, C., & Salamon, R. (2021). The association of self-esteem and psychosocial outcomes in young adults: A 10-year prospective study. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 26(2), 106-113.
Arslan, G. (2019). Mediating role of the self-esteem and resilience in the association between social exclusion and life satisfaction among adolescents.Personality and Individual Differences, 151, 109514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109514
Bahreini, M., Akaberian, S., Ghodsbin, F., Yazdankhah, F. M., & Mohammadi, B. M. (2012). The effects of parental bonding on depression and self-esteem in adolescence.Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, 10(1), 6-10.
Baker, C. E., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Gouskova, N. (2020).Reciprocal relations between maternal depression and child behavior problems in families served by head start. Child Development, 91(5), 1563-1576.
Birkeland, M. S., Melkevik, O., Holsen, I., & Wold, B. (2012). Trajectories of global self-esteem development during adolescence.Journal of Adolescence, 35(1), 43-54.
Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2008). Does adolescent self-esteem predict later life outcomes? A test of the causal role of self-esteem.Development and Psychopathology, 20(1), 319-339.
Cicchetti, D. (2013). Annual research review: resilient functioning in maltreated children-past, present, and future perspectives.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(4), 402-422.
Curran, T., & Allen, J. (2017). Family communication patterns, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of direct personalization of conflict.Communication Reports, 30(2), 80-90.
Fruzzetti, A. E., Shenk, C., & Hoffman, P. D. (2005). Family interaction and the development of borderline personality disorder: A transactional model.Development and Psychopathology, 17(4), 1007-1030.
Gomez-Baya, D., Muñoz-Silva, A., & Garcia-Moro, F. J. (2020). Family climate and life satisfaction in 12-year-old adolescents in Europe.Sustainability, 12(15), 5902. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155902
Goodrum, N. M., Smith, D. W., Hanson, R. F., Moreland, A. D., Saunders, B. E., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2020). Longitudinal relations among adolescent risk behavior, family cohesion, violence exposure, and mental health in a national sample.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48(11), 1455-1469.
Hu, J., & Ai, H. (2016). Self-esteem mediates the effect of the parent-adolescent relationship on depression.Journal of Health Psychology, 21(6), 897-904.
Johnson, M. D., & Galambos, N. L. (2014). Paths to intimate relationship quality from parent-adolescent relations and mental health.Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(1), 145-160.
Kim, E. H., & Nho, C. R. (2020). Longitudinal reciprocal relationships between self-esteem, family support, and life satisfaction in Korean multicultural adolescents.Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 14(3), 184-196.
Krauss, S., Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2020). Family environment and self-esteem development: A longitudinal study from age 10to 16.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(2), 457-478.
Lee, J. S., Joo, E. J., & Choi, K. S. (2013). Perceived stress and self-esteem mediate the effects of work-related stress on depression.Stress and Health, 29(1), 75-81.
Lerner, R. M., Bowers, E. P., Geldhof, G. J., Gestsdóttir, S., & Desouza, L. (2012). Promoting positive youth development in the face of contextual changes and challenges: The roles of individual strengths and ecological assets.New Directions for Youth Development, 2012(135), 119-128.
Masten, A. S., & Monn, A. R. (2015). Child and family resilience: A call for integrated science, practice, and professional training.Family Relations, 64(1), 5-21.
Moksnes, U. K., & Reidunsdatter, R. J. (2019). Self-esteem and mental health in adolescents-level and stability during a school year.Norsk Epidemiologi, 28(1-2), 59-67.
Molloy, G., & Pallant, J. (2002). A short scale of family atmosphere (SOFA): Development and psychometric evaluation.North American Journal of Psychology, 4(2), 243-248.
Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1986).Family environment scale manual (2nd ed.). Palo Alto CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Nazir, S., Saeed,S., Sohail, M. M., Sher, F., Azhar, Z., & Safdar, M. R. (2012). Parental conflict and its effects on youth self esteem (a study at University of Punjab). International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2(9), 1392-1400.
Novilla, M. L. B., Barnes, M. D., De La Cruz, N. G., & Williams, P. N. (2006). Public health perspectives on the family: An ecological approach to promoting health in the family and community.Family and Community Health, 29(1), 28-42.
Orth, U. (2018). The family environment in early childhood has a long-term effect on self-esteem: A longitudinal study from birth to age 27 years.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(4), 637-655.
Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2013). Understanding the link between low self-esteem and depression.Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(6), 455-460.
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Meier, L. L. (2009). Disentangling the effects of low self-esteem and stressful events on depression: Findings from three longitudinal studies.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(2), 307-321.
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Meier, L. L., & Conger, R. D. (2016). Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression: Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(1), 133-149.
Ozdemir, Y. (2014). Parent-adolescent conflict and depression symptoms of adolescents: Mediator role of self-esteem.The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27(3), 211-220.
Perloe,A., Esposito-Smythers, C., Curby, T. W., & Renshaw, K. D. (2014). Concurrent trajectories of change in adolescent and maternal depressive symptoms in the TORDIA study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(4), 612-628.
Roest, A. M. C., Dubas, J. S., & Gerris, J. R. M. (2009). Value transmissions between fathers,mothers, and adolescent and emerging adult children: The role of the family climate. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(2), 146-155.
Rohner, R. P., & Carrasco, M. Á. (2014). Teoría de la aceptación-rechazo interpersonal (IPARTheory): Bases conceptuales, método y evidencia empírica.Acción Psicológica, 11(2), 9-26.
Rohner, R. P., & Lansford, J. E. (2017). Deep structure of the human affectional system: Introduction to interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory.Journal of Family Theory & Review, 9(4), 426-440.
Saint-Georges, Z., & Vaillancourt, T. (2019). The temporal sequence of depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and self-esteem across adolescence: Evidence for an integrated self-perception driven model.Development and Psychopathology, 32(3), 975-984.
Shao, X., & Ni, X. (2021). How does family intimacy predict self-esteem in adolescents? Moderation of social media use based on gender difference.SAGE Open, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211005453
Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 213-240.
Stavropoulos, V., Lazaratou, H., Marini, E., & Dikeos, D. (2015). Low family satisfaction and depression in adolescence: The role of self-esteem.Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 5(2), 109-118.
Steiger, A. E., Allemand, M., Robins, R. W., & Fend, H. A. (2014). Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(2), 325-338.
Wilkinson, K., Ball, S., Mitchell, S. B., Ukoumunne, O. C., O'Mahen, H. A., Tejerina-Arreal, M., … Ford, T. (2021). The longitudinal relationship between child emotional disorder and parental mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health surveys 1999 and 2004.Journal of Affective Disorders, 288, 58-67.
Zeigler-Hill, V. (2011). The connections between self-esteem and psychopathology.Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 41(3), 157-164.
边玉芳, 梁丽婵, 张颖. (2016). 充分重视家庭对儿童心理发展的重要作用. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), (5), 46-54.
蔡丹, 徐洁, 夏添. (2022). 家庭生态系统与初中生心理韧性的发展. 现代基础教育研究, 45(1), 35-41.
陈雨濛, 张亚利, 俞国良. (2022). 2010~2020中国内地大学生心理健康问题检出率的元分析. 心理科学进展, 30(5), 991-1004.
陈祉妍, 陈雪峰, 张侃, 傅小兰. (2021). 中国国民心理健康发展报告(2019～2020). 社会科学文献出版社, 北京.
丛晓波, 田录梅, 张向葵. (2005). 自尊: 心理健康的核心——兼谈自尊的教育意境. 东北师大学报: 哲学社会科学版, (1), 144-148.
邓慧华, 陈慧, 钟萍, 梁宗保, 张光珍. (2013). 青少年早期自尊与抑郁的交叉滞后分析: 检验易感模型和创伤模型. 心理发展与教育, 29(4), 407-414.
范兴华, 方晓义, 张尚晏, 陈锋菊, 黄月胜. (2014). 家庭气氛对农村留守儿童孤独感的影响:外向性与自尊的中介. 中国临床心理学, 22(4), 680-683.
高爽, 张向葵, 徐晓林. (2015). 大学生自尊与心理健康的元分析——以中国大学生为样本. 心理科学进展, 23(9), 1499-1507.
李佳依, 丁菀, 孙赵星, 谢瑞波, 张俊杰. (2021). 父母教养投入与儿童孤独感:自尊与同伴依恋的中介作用. 中国临床心理学, 29(4), 842-845.
李启明, 陈志霞, 徐海燕. (2016). 父母的教养方式及性别对孝道代际传递的影响. 心理学探新, 36(4), 358-364.
李启明, 王纪婷. (2022). 家庭氛围、子女生活满意度与心理健康代际传递的关系:亲子性别和子女年龄的差异. 心理与行为研究, 20(2), 282-288.
刘广增, 张大均, 潘彦谷, 陈万芬, 马原啸. (2016). 中学生心理素质与同伴关系的研究: 自尊的中介作用. 心理科学, 39(6), 1290-1295.
刘华山. (2001). 心理健康概念与标准的再认识. 心理科学, (4), 480-481.
潘颖秋. (2015). 初中青少年自尊发展趋势及影响因素的追踪分析. 心理学报, 47(6), 787-796.
申自力, 蔡太生. (2008). Rosenberg自尊量表中文版条目8的处理. 中国心理卫生, 22(9), 661-663.
陶金花, 金凤仙, 张嫚茹, 程灶火. (2015). 家庭环境量表中文版在问题青少年群体的信效度验证. 中国临床心理学杂志, 23(6), 1024-1027.
王海英. (2012). 青少年心理健康发展的家庭生态系统研究. 东北师大学报: 哲学社会科学版, (6), 210-213.
吴旻, 刘争光, 梁丽婵. (2016). 亲子关系对儿童青少年心理发展的影响. 北京师范大学学报: 社会科学版, (5), 55-63.
闫艳, 谢笑春, 盖笑松, 陈宣, 王宏. (2021). 中国大中学生的罗森伯格自尊量表测评结果. 中国心理卫生杂志, 35(10), 863-868.
杨晓冬, 李怡静, 魏然.(2022).亲子间的手机博弈:家庭关系对青少年心理健康的影响研究. 全球传媒学刊, 9(3), 35-57.
于晓琪, 张亚利, 俞国良. (2022). 2010~2020中国内地高中生心理健康问题检出率的元分析. 心理科学进展, 30(5), 978-990.
张林, 曹华英. (2011). 社会计量器理论的研究进展: 社交接纳/拒绝与自尊的关系. 心理科学, 34(5), 1163-1166.
张亚利, 靳娟娟, 俞国良. (2022). 2010~2020中国内地初中生心理健康问题检出率的元分析. 心理科学进展, 30(5), 965-977.
张杨, 崔利军, 栗克清, 江琴普, 孙秀丽, 高良会, … 杨保丽. (2008). 增补后的一般健康问卷在精神疾病流行病学调查中的应用. 中国心理卫生杂志, 22(3), 189-192.
周宗奎, 曹敏, 田媛, 黄淳, 杨秀娟, 宋友志. (2021). 初中生亲子关系与抑郁:自尊和情绪弹性的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 37(6), 864-872.
邹盛奇, 伍新春, 黄彬彬, 刘畅. (2019). 母亲守门行为与母亲教养投入, 母子依恋的关系及发展性差异. 心理学报, 51(7), 816-828.
[1] ZENG Zihao, HU Yiqiu, PENG Liyi, LIU Xiuru, HE Zhen, ZHAO Lili, YAO Xingxing. The Effect of Defeat on Adolescent Mental Health: The Role of Perceived Stress and Interpersonal Relationships [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(6): 865-876.
[2] GONG Yuhan, YE Yingying, ZHOU Xiao. Effects of Abuse and Neglect on Depression in Adolescents: The Roles of Self-esteem and Self-disclosure [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(6): 886-893.
[3] AI Meishan, LIU Xi, WANG Dahua. Shidu Parents’ Community Support and Its Association with Mental Health [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(5): 720-728.
[4] ZHANG Huiru, ZHU Haidong, JIA Xiaoshan, MA Chao. The Influence of Subjective Social Status on Adolescents’ Prosocial Risk-taking Behavior: A Regulated Chain Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(4): 488-498.
[5] HUANG Yuancheng, YUAN Qiumei, XIN Ting, LI Caina. The Effect of Academic Achievement on Subjective Well-being in Early Adolescence: The Role of Self-esteem and Mobility [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(3): 384-392.
[6] ZHANG Li, PAN Peilin, NIU Ziyu, MA Min. Quiet Ego: A Growth and Balance Perspective [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(2): 288-297.
[7] WANG Xinqiang, LI Jinwen, LU Hongyan, LAI Zhengwei, LI Jiayuan. The Influence of Advantages and Disadvantages of Mate Selection on Normal University Students’ Teacher Professional Identity: The Mediating Role of Perceived Mate Value and the Moderating Role of Self-esteem [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(1): 64-73.
[8] LU Cuiping, ZHENG Xifu. Low Self-esteem or High'Other-esteem’? Differential Nature of Implicit Self-esteem in High and Low Socially Anxious Individuals: Evidence from EAST Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 808-816.
[9] SHA Jingying, ZHANG Xiangkui, LIU Qiandong. Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? The Influence of Academic Motivation Comparison on Adolescents' Peer Selection [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(5): 683-690.
[10] XIN Guogang, ZHANG Libin, CHANG Ruisheng, ZHANG Yunyun. Bullying Victimization Trajectories in Early Adolescence: The Predictive Role of Depression, Self-esteem and Academic Achievement [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 568-579.
[11] GAO Ling, MENG Wenhui, LIU Jiedi, YANG Jiping, WANG Xingchao. Parental Phubbing and Adolescent’s Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Roles of Self-esteem and Basic Empathy [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 439-448.
[12] PENG Haiyun, SHENG Liang, WANG Jinrui, ZHOU Ziyan, XIN Sufei. Changes of Adolescents’ Loneliness in China (2001~2019): The Perspective of Cross-temporal Meta-analysis [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 449-456.
[13] LU Minghui, WANG Rong, ZHANG Limin. Relationship between Parents’ Resilience and Emotional/Behavioral Problems in Children with ASD: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 247-254.
[14] XU Fuming, HUANG Long. The Influence of Poverty on Children's Mental Health and Its Internal Mechanism [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(1): 132-139.
[15] WANG Yue, ZHANG Bao, ZHOU Hui. Mindful Awareness and Mental Health among Primary and Middle School Students: The Cross-time Mediating Effect of Emotion Regulation and Positive Appraisal [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2022, 38(5): 692-702.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd