Psychological Development and Education ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 171-180.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2018.02.06

Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Relationship between College Students' Self-esteem and Cyber Aggressive Behavior: the Role of Social Anxiety and Dual Self-consciousness

DING Zien, WANG Xiaohan, LIU Qinxue   

  1. Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province;Wuhan 430079;National Experimental Teaching Demonstrating Center of Psychology, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079
  • Online:2018-03-15 Published:2018-03-15

PDF (PC)

Abstract: The present study examined whether social anxiety mediated the relationship between self-esteem and cyber aggressive behavior, and whether this mediating process was moderated by dual self-consciousness (public self-consciousness and private self-consciousness). A sample of 391 college students (mean age=19.54, SD=0.946) completed anonymous questionnaires concerning demographics, self-esteem, social anxiety, cyber aggressive behavior and dual self-consciousness. After controlling for gender and age, the results revealed that:(1) self-esteem was negatively associated with cyber aggressive behavior, (2) the relation between self-esteem and cyber aggressive behavior was partially mediated by social anxiety, (3) the effect of self-esteem on cyber aggressive behavior was moderated by public self-consciousness, with the effect being stronger for students with low public self-consciousness, and (4) the effect of self-esteem on cyber aggressive behavior was moderated by private self-consciousness, with the effect being stronger for students with high private self-consciousness.

Key words: college student, self-esteem, social anxiety, cyber aggression behavior, public self-consciousness, private self-consciousness

CLC Number: 

  • B844

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression:Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA:SAGE.

Bartolo, M. G., & Costabile, A. (2017). Cyberbullying and self-esteem:an Italian study.Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 136-141.

Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression:the dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103(1), 25-33.

Brewer, G., & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255-260.

Buchanan, T. (2015). Aggressive priming online:Facebook adverts can prime aggressive cognitions. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 323-330.

Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1987). The blind men and the elephant:selective examination of the public-private literature gives rise to a faulty perception. Journal of Personality, 55(3), 525-541.

Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies:a theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 56(2), 267-283.

Daine, K., Hawton, K., Singaravelu, V., Stewart, A., Simkin, S., & Montgomery P., (2013). A systematic review of studies of the influence of the internet on self-harm and suicide in young people. Science-Technology and Management, 59(6), 464-471.

Dixon, L. J., Tull, M. T., Lee, A. A., Kimbrel, N. A., & Gratz, K. L. (2016). The role of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties in the relation between social anxiety and aggression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 722-732.

Eisenbarth, C. (2012). Does self-esteem moderate the relations amongperceived stress,coping,and depressions? College Student Journal, 46(1),149-157

Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness:assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 522-527.

Finkelhor, R. S., Pajouh, M., Kett, A., Stefanski, R., Bosich, G., &Youssefi, M. E., et al. (2000). Clinical impact of second harmonic imaging and left heart contrast in echocardiographic stress testing.American Journal of Cardiology, 85(6), 740-743.

Fromson, P. M. (2006). Self-discrepancies and negative affect:the moderating roles of private and public self-consciousness. Social Behavior & Personality an International Journal, 34(4), 333-350.

Foster, D. W., & Neighbors, C. (2013). Self-consciousness as a moderator of the effect of social drinking motives on alcohol use. Addictive Behaviors, 38(4), 1996-2002.

Gahagan, K., Vaterlaus, J. M., & Frost, L. R. (2016). College student cyberbullying on social networking sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 1097-1105.

Goulet, N. (2002). The effect of Internet use and Internet dependency on shyness, loneliness, and self-consciousness in college students. Dissertation Abstracts International:Section B:The Sciences and Engineering. ProQuest Information & Learning. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2002-95022-282&site=ehost-live

Green, M. C., Kaufman, G., Flanagan, M., & Fitzgerald, K. (2017). Self-esteem and public self-consciousness moderate the emotional impact of expressive writing about experiences with bias. Personality & Individual Differences, 116, 212-215.

Gurňáková, J. (2004). What induces private self-consciousness? effects on/of self-concept, self-esteem, irrationality and basic beliefs. Studia Psychologica, 46(4), 265-272.

Hamid, P. N., Lai, J., & Cheng, S. T. (2001). Response bias and public and private self-consciousness in Chinese. Social Behavior & Personality an International Journal, 29(8), 733-742.

Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy:A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.

Jessor, R. (1987). Risky driving and adolescent problem behavior:theoretical and empirical linkage. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60(4), 480-490.

Joinson, A. N. (2003). Understanding the psychology of Internet behavior:Virtual worlds, real lives. Revista iberoamericana de educación a distancia, 6(2), 190-193.

Kessel Schneider S, O'Donnell L, & Smith E (2015). Trends in cyberbullying and school bullying victimization in a regional census of high school students. Journal of School Health, 85(9):611-620

Kiesler, S. (1984). Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication. American Psychologist, 39(10), 1123-1134.

Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., & Gould, M. S. (2008). Peer victimization, depression, and suicidiality in adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(2), 166-180.

Kocovski, N. L., & Endler, N. S. (2000). Social anxiety, self-regulation, and fear of negative evaluation. European Journal of Personality, 14(4), 347-358.

Matheson, K., & Zanna, M. P. (1988). The impact of computer-mediated communication on self-awareness. Computers in Human Behavior, 4(3), 221-233.

Millar, M. (2007). The influence of public self-consciousness and anger on aggressive driving. Personality & Individual Differences, 43(8), 2116-2126.

Monfries, M. M., & Kafer, N. F. (1994). Private self-consciousness and fear of negative evaluation. Journal of Psychology, 128(4), 447-454.

Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Ollendick, T., King, N., & Bogie, N. (2002). Three traditional and three new childhood anxiety questionnaires:their reliability and validity in a normal adolescent sample. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 40(7), 753-772.

Na, H., Dancy, B. L., & Chang, P. (2015). College student engaging in cyberbullying victimization:cognitive appraisals, coping strategies, and psychological adjustments. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 29(3), 155-161.

Nasby, W. (1985). Private self-consciousness articulation of the self-schema, and recognition memory of trait adjectives. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 49(3), 704-709.

Özmen,O.,& Sümer,Z.H.(2011). Predictors of risk-taking behaviors among Turkish adolescents.Personality and Individual Difference, 50(1), 4-9.

Palermiti, A. L., Servidio, R., Bartolo, M. G., & Costabile, A. (2017). Cyberbullying and self-esteem. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 136-141.

Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard a preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence & Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148-169.

Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2010). Cyberbullying and self-esteem.Journal of School Health, 80(12), 614-621.

Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research:a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.

Prenticedunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (1982). Effects of public and private self-awareness on deindividuation and aggression. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 43(3), 503-513.

Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 435-468.

Raichle, K. A., Christensen, A. J., Ehlers, S., Moran, P. J., Karnell, L., & Funk, G. (2001). Public and private self-consciousness and smoking behavior in head and neck cancer patients. Ann Behav Med, 23(2), 120-124.

Raja, S. N., Mcgee, R., & Stanton, W. R. (1992). Perceived attachments to parents and peers and psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21(4), 471-485.

Rapee, R. M., & Lim, L. (1992). Discrepancy between self-and observer ratings of performance in social phobias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(4), 728-731.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image:Selection of the Sample. Princeton University Press.

Schneier, F. R., Heckelman, L. R., Garfinkel, R., Campeas, R., Fallon, B. A., &Gitow, A., et al. (1994). Functional impairment in social phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55(8), 322-331.

Scheier, M., & Carver, C. S. (1985). The self-consciousness scale:A revised version for use with general populations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15, 687-699.

Schneider, S. K., O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A., & Coulter. R. (2012). Cyberbullying, school bulling, and psychological distress:A regional census of high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 102(1), 171-177.

Segrin, C., & Kinney, T. (1995). Social skills deficits among the socially anxious:rejection from others and loneliness. Motivation and Emotion, 19(1), 1-24.

Shahrbanoo, D., Leila, A., &Firoozeh, M. (2013). Relationship between body satisfaction with self-esteem and unhealthy body weight management. Journal of Education & Health Promotion, 2, 29-35.

Shim, M., Lee, M. J., & Park, S. H. (2008). Photograph use on social network sites among south Korean college students:the role of public and private self-consciousness. CyberPsychology &Behavior, 11(4), 489-493.

Stephen L. F. (1983). Self-concept differences as a function of private self-consciousness and social anxiety. Journal of Research in Personality, 17(3), 275-287.

Takishimalacasa, J. Y., Higamcmillan, C. K., Ebesutani, C., Smith, R. L., &Chorpita, B. F. (2014). Self-consciousness and social anxiety in youth:the revised self-consciousness scales for children. Psychological Assessment, 26(4), 1292-1306.

Tobey E. L., Tunnell G. (1981) Predicting our impressions on others:effects of public self-consciousness and acting, a self-monitoring subscale. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 661-669.

Turner, R. G., Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., &Ickes, W. (1978). Correlates of self-consciousness. Journal of Personality Assessment,42(3), 285-289.

Wilkinson, R. B. (2004). The role of parental and peer attachment in the psychological health and self-esteem of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(6), 479-493.

Wyckoff, J. P., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2016). Direct and indirect aggression tactics as a function of domain-specific self-esteem. Personality & Individual Differences, 92, 135-142.

Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets:a comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308-1316.

Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., &Wolak, J. (2007). Internet prevention messages:targeting the right online behaviors. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 161(2), 138-145.

Yoo, Y. G., Lee, D. J., Lee, I. S., Shin, N., Park, J. Y., & Yoon, M. R., et al. (2016). The effects of mind subtraction meditation on depression, social anxiety, aggression, and salivary cortisol levels of elementary school children in South Korea. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 31(3), 185-197.

Zimbardo, P. G. (1977). Shyness:What It Is, What to Do about It, London:Pan Books

Zimbardo, P. G., Ebbesen, E. B., &Maslach, C. (1977). Influencing attitudes and changing behavior:an introduction to method, theory, and applications of social control and personal power. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.

鲍振宙, 李董平, 张卫, 王艳辉, 孙文强, 赵力燕. (2014). 累积生态风险与青少年的学业和社交能力:子女责任感的风险补偿与调节效应. 心理发展与教育, 30(5), 482-495.

岑延远, 郑雪. (2005). 大学生自尊水平与应对方式的相关研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, 13(2), 167-169.

陈斯颖. (2014). 大学生自我构念、自尊与社交焦虑的关系研究(硕士学位论文). 西北大学,兰州.

高蕾. (2008). 大学生外显自尊、内隐自尊与社交焦虑的关系研究(硕士学位论文). 苏州大学,苏州.

郭晓薇. (2000). 大学生社交焦虑成因的研究. 心理学探新, 20(1), 55-58.

何丹. (2016). 父母教养方式对青少年网络欺负的影响:自恋与移情的作用(硕士学位论文). 华中师范大学,武汉.

胡阳, 范翠英. (2013). 青少年网络欺负行为研究述评与展望.中国特殊教育, (5), 84-88.

贺金波, 李兵兵, 郭永玉, 江光荣. (2010). 青少年网络色情成瘾研究进展. 中国临床心理学杂志, 18(6), 772-774.

雷雳, 李冬梅. (2008). 青少年网上偏差行为的研究. 中国信息技术教育, (10), 5-11.

雷雳, 马晓辉. (2009). 青少年网络道德态度与其网络偏差行为的关系. 全国心理学学术大会.

刘丽芳. (2012). 大学生网络偏差行为的特点及其与心理需求网络满足的关系研究(硕士学位论文). 华中科技大学,武汉.

刘冉. (2012). 大学生自尊与社交焦虑、人际信任的关系研究. 淄博师专学报, (2),20-23.

刘艳丽, 陆桂芝, 张守臣, 金童林,张亚利. (2016). 大学生自尊在尴尬与完美主义关系中的中介作用. 中国心理卫生杂志, 30(5), 389-394.

刘卓娅, 余毅震, 张萍, 孟仙. (2011). 儿童青少年社交焦虑与攻击性行为关系. 中国学校卫生, 32(8), 909-911.

蒋灿. (2007). 自我意识量表的初步修订及相关研究(硕士学位论文). 西南大学,重庆.

马惠霞, 张建新, 郭念锋. (2004). 青少年危险行为研究进展. 中国临床心理学杂志, 12(1), 103-106.

倪凤琨. (2005). 自尊与攻击行为的关系述评. 心理科学进展, 13(1), 66-71.

田录梅,夏大勇,李永梅,单楠,刘翔. (2016). 积极同伴压力、自尊对青少年不同冒险行为的影响. 心理发展与教育, 32(3), 349-357.

辛自强,郭素然,池丽萍. (2007). 青少年自尊与攻击的关系:中介变量和调节变量的作用. 心理学报, 39(5), 845-851.

王欢, 黄海, 吴和鸣. (2014). 大学生人格特征与手机依赖的关系:社交焦虑的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志,22(3), 447-450.

王艳辉, 张卫, 彭家, 莫滨瑞, 熊丝.(2009). 亲子依恋,自我概念与大学生自我伤害的关系. 心理学探新, 29(5), 56-61

温忠麟. (2012). 调节效应和中介效应分析. 教育科学出版社.

吴晓薇, 黄玲, 何晓琴, 唐海波, 蒲唯丹. (2015). 大学生社交焦虑与攻击、抑郁:情绪调节自我效能感的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 23(5), 804-807.

杨继平, 杨力, 王兴超. (2014).移情、道德推脱对初中生网络过激行为的影响. 山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 37(4), 122-128.

张国礼, 董奇. (2011). 问题行为综合理论模型及述评. 中国特殊教育, (6), 94-96.

张阳阳, 佐斌. (2006). 自尊的恐惧管理理论研究述评. 心理科学进展, 14(2), 273-280.

张娓娓. (2009). 青少年网络道德主体性的失落与重构. 人大建设, (1), 42-44.

钟佑洁, 张进辅. (2011). 大学生评价恐惧在自尊与社交焦虑间的中介效应分析. 心理发展与教育, 27(5), 506-512.

周浩, 龙立荣. (2004). 共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法. 心理科学进展, 12(6), 942-950.
[1] GUO Jiacheng, DONG Rouchun, XU Fang, XU Xuan, NIU Gengfeng, ZHOU Zongkui. The Relationship between Social Presence and College Students’ Online Flaming: The Parallel Mediating Roles of Dual Self-awareness and the Moderating Role of Gender [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(2): 176-186.
[2] WANG Xinqiang, LI Jinwen, LU Hongyan, LAI Zhengwei, LI Jiayuan. The Influence of Advantages and Disadvantages of Mate Selection on Normal University Students’ Teacher Professional Identity: The Mediating Role of Perceived Mate Value and the Moderating Role of Self-esteem [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(1): 64-73.
[3] QIN Yao, PENG Yunshi. The Effect of Parenting Styles on Social Anxiety in Junior High School Students: The Chain Mediated Role of Rumination and Peer Acceptance [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(1): 103-113.
[4] FAN Xianglin, CUI Yingjin. The Relationship between Objectified Body Consciousness and Restrained Eating Behavior among Female College Students: The Mediating Roles of Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation and Sociocultural Pressure [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(1): 122-131.
[5] ZHANG Huiru, ZHANG Weida, FU Wangqian, DENG Min, PENG Suhao, LI Yu. The Influence of Loneliness on Creative Inclination: Mediating Role of Boredom and Anxiety [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2024, 40(1): 132-141.
[6] LU Cuiping, ZHENG Xifu. Low Self-esteem or High'Other-esteem’? Differential Nature of Implicit Self-esteem in High and Low Socially Anxious Individuals: Evidence from EAST Study [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(6): 808-816.
[7] SHA Jingying, ZHANG Xiangkui, LIU Qiandong. Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? The Influence of Academic Motivation Comparison on Adolescents' Peer Selection [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(5): 683-690.
[8] CHEN Bizhong, ZHENG Xue, SUN Xiaojun. The Relationship between Problematic Social Media Use and Online Social Anxiety: The Roles of Social Media Cognitive Overload and Dispositional Mindfulness [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(5): 743-751.
[9] HE Anming, ZHANG Yurui, HUI Qiuping. The Relationship between Gratitude and Social Well-being in College Students: The Mediating Role of Phubbing and the Moderating Role of Negative Life Events [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 505-512.
[10] XIN Guogang, ZHANG Libin, CHANG Ruisheng, ZHANG Yunyun. Bullying Victimization Trajectories in Early Adolescence: The Predictive Role of Depression, Self-esteem and Academic Achievement [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(4): 568-579.
[11] GAO Ling, MENG Wenhui, LIU Jiedi, YANG Jiping, WANG Xingchao. Parental Phubbing and Adolescent’s Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Roles of Self-esteem and Basic Empathy [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(3): 439-448.
[12] CHU Xiaoyuan, CHU Ziqiang, WANG Qi, JI Shutian, LEI Li. Parent-child Attachment Avoidance and Smartphone Dependency for Junior School Students in Rural Areas: The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety and the Moderating Role of Family Financial Difficulty [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 192-199.
[13] LU Minghui, WANG Rong, ZHANG Limin. Relationship between Parents’ Resilience and Emotional/Behavioral Problems in Children with ASD: A Moderated Mediation Model [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 247-254.
[14] ZENG Zihao, PENG Liyi, ZHAN Lin, LIU Shuangjin, OUYANG Xiaoyou, DING Daoqun, LI Zhihua, HU Yiqiu, FANG Xiaoyi. The Effect of Childhood Maltreatment on College Students’ Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-being and the Moderation Role of Gene [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 276-285.
[15] CAO Ruilin, MEI Songli, LIANG Leilei, LI Chuanen, ZHANG Ying. Relationship between Gratitude and Internet Addiction among College Students: The Mediating Role of Core Self-evaluation and Meaning in Life [J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 286-294.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Psychological Development and Education
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd