二语学习对汉语学龄儿童认知控制与词汇通达的作用——年龄和二语熟练程度的影响

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.02.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 学习第二语言对儿童的认知能力和一语发展产生何种影响,是当下二语研究领域的热点问题。本研究通过实验法,选取不同学龄期的汉语母语小学儿童,考察高、低英语熟练程度的学龄儿童在认知控制能力和一语词汇通达上的行为反应表现。结果显示:(1)英语熟练度高的二年级儿童比熟练度低的二年级儿童表现出更小的转换代价和Simon效应量,而英语熟练度不同的中高年级(四年级和六年级)儿童在认知控制任务上的差异并不显著;(2)英语熟练度高的儿童比熟练度低的儿童产词量少,并且英语熟练度高的中高年级儿童对比同年龄组熟练度低的儿童表现出更长的图片命名反应时。研究表明:(1)学龄儿童的认知控制功能随年龄增长而增长,二语学习对学龄儿童的认知控制有促进效应,并且这一效应随儿童年龄增长而逐渐减弱;(2)二语学习会影响儿童的一语词汇通达表现,并且这种影响随年龄增长而不同。

关键词: 二语熟练度, 学龄儿童, 认知控制, 词汇通达

Abstract: It is a research focus in the bilingual field currently that what the effects of learning a second language among children will be on cognitive ability and mother tongue development. This study explored the behavioral responses to cognitive control and lexical access among primary school children of different school ages and English proficiency. The experimental results showed that the second graders with high English proficiency showed smaller switching cost and Simon effect size than the same graders with low English proficiency. However, there was no significant difference in cognitive control tasks among the fourth graders and the sixth graders with different English proficiency. Then, children with high English proficiency produce fewer words than children with low proficiency. And the fourth graders and the sixth graders with high English proficiency showed longer picture naming reaction time than those with low English proficiency. Overall, these results indicate that second language learning has a promoting effect on the cognitive control of school-age children. But this effect tends to decrease gradually as children get older. In addition, second language learning also can affect children’s lexical access performance in their mother tongue. But this effect increases gradually as children get older.

Key words: second language proficiency, school-age children, cognitive control, lexical access

中图分类号:

G442

李君, 王悦, 陈夏妮, 李莹. 二语学习对汉语学龄儿童认知控制与词汇通达的作用——年龄和二语熟练程度的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(2): 219-227.

LI Jun, WANG Yue, CHEN Xiani, LI Ying. The Effects of Second Language Learning on Cognitive Control and Lexical Access in School-age Children: The Influence of Age and Second Language Proficiency[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2023, 39(2): 219-227.

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