部件类型还是交错关系信息的习得促进问题解决？

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2021.05.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探讨知觉组块中部件类型和空间交错关系信息的学习是否促进问题解决。研究采用学习-测试范式，71名有效被试（女性25名，平均年龄=20.51±2.35岁）先学习解答组块破解问题然后进行测试。研究分别在学习和测试阶段基于组块破解任务操纵了部件类型（汉字水平vs.笔画水平）和空间交错关系（交错vs.非交错）。学习阶段，被试分别在四组中完成组块破解练习；在测试阶段完成所有四组问题。研究发现，对交错关系信息的学习与利用相对于部件类型信息促进了问题解决：在涉及交错信息的测试任务上，涉及交错信息比非交错信息的学习条件解答率更高，反应时更短；反之则不是。然而部件类型则没有发现类似的促进效应。与此同时，交错关系信息的习得需要对任务的重复操作学习：涉及交错关系信息的组块破解学习成绩在不同任务间并不随时间推移而提高，但会随重复学习次数而提高。

关键词: 组块破解, 顿悟问题解决, 汉字, 部件类型, 交错关系

Abstract: The current study aimed to explore whether and how the information of element type and spatially crossed relation in a perceptual chunk can facilitate problem solving. Seventy-one valid participants (25 females, mean age=20.51±2.35 years) completed the character decomposition task in a learning-testing paradigm. The study manipulated two variables in both learning and testing phases:Element type was defined as whether the to-be-removed element is a meaningful chunk or not (chunk vs. stroke), while crossed relation was defined as whether the to-be-removed element and the remained part is spatially crossed or not in a perceptual chunk (uncrossed vs. crossed). The combinations of the two variables thus generated four conditions. In Condition 1, the task carries the information of character level as well as uncrossed relation; In Condition 2, the task carries the information of stroke level as well as uncrossed relation; In Condition 3, the task carries the information of character level as well as crossed relation; In Condition 4, the task carries the information of stroke level as well as crossed relation. Participant completed the chunk decomposition task for one condition in the learning phase and then performed all tasks for four conditions in the testing phase. To further explore the time course in the learning phase, we manipulated another two variables:time position (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and presentation times (1, 2, 3). There are 6 stimuli recursively presented once for each position in each learning condition. Participants repeatedly performed the character decomposition tasks for three times (every 6 trials) in the learning phase. The results in the testing phase showed that participants performed more accurately and faster for the information of crossed relation than uncrossed relation, not vice versa. In contrast, we did not find similar facilitation effect for the information of element type on problem solving. The results indicate that the information of crossed relation rather than element type facilitates the chunk decomposition problem solving. Moreover, the results in the learning phase showed that the chunk decomposition task was performed better for the information of crossed relation with repeated times, not over time. The results indicate that the facilitation effect of crossed relation requires repeated performances on the task during the learning phase.

Key words: chunk decomposition, insight problem solving, Chinese character, element type, crossed relation

中图分类号:

B844

张忠炉, 易俊如, 张竹青, 邢强, 雷怡, 李红. 部件类型还是交错关系信息的习得促进问题解决？[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2021, 37(5): 609-618.

ZHANG Zhonglu, YI Junru, ZHANG Zhuqing, XING Qiang, LEI Yi, LI Hong. The Facilitating Effect of Element Type and Crossed Relation on Problem Solving[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2021, 37(5): 609-618.

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