奖赏结构与结果效价对儿童自我—他人成就归因与评价的影响

心理发展与教育 ›› 2000, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 42-46,17.

奖赏结构与结果效价对儿童自我—他人成就归因与评价的影响

张学民¹, 郭德俊²

1. 北京师范大学心理学系, 100875;
2. 首都师范大学教育系, 100037

出版日期:2000-07-15 发布日期:2000-07-15
作者简介:张学民,男,(1969- ),汉族,吉林人,北京师范大学心理学系讲师

Competitive Reward Structure and Valence of Outcome on Children’s Achievement Attributions

张学民¹, 郭德俊²

1. 北京师范大学心理学系, 100875;
2. 首都师范大学教育系, 100037

Online:2000-07-15 Published:2000-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在考察不同的奖赏结构和结果效价对儿童自我-他人成就归因、自我-他人奖赏评价的影响。实验采用2×2×2混合设计,其中自我-他人归因与评价为被试内设计。被试为小学五年级学生74名(男生36人,女生38人),实验通过解决一系列迷津测验来创设成功和失败情境。实验结果表明,奖赏结构对儿童自我-他人能力归因的影响、奖赏结构与自我-他人归因的交互作用对能力归因的影响、自我-他人运气归因均达到了显著性水平;努力和任务难度归因不显著;儿童对自我和他人的成就结果倾向于做能力和运气归因,较为忽略努力和任务难度在成就行为中的作用。

关键词: 奖赏结构, 结果效价, 成就归因

Abstract: This study examined how success and failure outcomes under competitive and noncompititive reward structure influence children's achievement attributions,and self/other reward ratings.The experi-mental design is a 2×2×2 three-factor design with one repeated measure.Fifth-grade primary school boys(N=36)and girls(N=38)solved a set of achievement-related puzzles,working in pairs which one success and one failur at the puzzles.After solving these puzzles,each subject attributed and rated self/other's achievement outcomes.The results showed that reward structure and valence of outcome are important determinants of self/other attributions and evaluations.The effects of reward structure on self/other competence attribution,self/other rating on luck attribution,valance of outcome on self/other reward were significant.These results showed that Chinese primary school children tend to attribute self/other achievement outcomes to ability and luck,and ignore the effects of effort and task difficulty.

Key words: reward structure, valence of outcome, achievement attribution

中图分类号:

B844.1

张学民, 郭德俊. 奖赏结构与结果效价对儿童自我—他人成就归因与评价的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2000, 16(3): 42-46,17.

张学民, 郭德俊. Competitive Reward Structure and Valence of Outcome on Children’s Achievement Attributions[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2000, 16(3): 42-46,17.

参考文献

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[5] Kristan,Sanford etal,Parenting Style,Adolescents' Attributions,and Educational Outcomes in Nine Heterogeneous High Schools,Child Development,1997,Vol68,507-529
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