数认知的沃尔夫效应:基于数词位值结构对加法心算的影响

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.06.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 跨语言研究发现数词位值结构表达与算式操作数表达的顺序不一致会导致计算困难,该顺序不一致效应在一定程度上揭示了语言与数认知的关系,但尚不清楚语言究竟如何影响数认知。颜色范畴知觉的系列研究表明,二级任务干扰和偏侧化范式有利于揭示语言在认知中的制约机制。因此,本研究将这两种范式和延迟确认的进位和不进位加法心算任务结合,通过3个行为实验探讨了顺序不一致效应在同语言群体中是如何受其语言制约的。实验1首先验证了数词位值结构在加法计算中的作用,表现为加法心算反应时尤其是进位计算中的显著的顺序不一致效应,实验2和3则分别发现该效应受1-back的语言干扰而不受空间图形干扰且存在右视野优势,进一步揭示了语言在数认知中所起的具体作用。基于加法心算中的偏侧化顺序不一致效应,本研究不仅为数认知的沃尔夫效应提供了行为证据,也丰富了对心算机制的认识。

关键词: 沃尔夫假说, 数词, 位值结构, 加法心算, 顺序不一致效应

Abstract: Cross-language studies have found that the order inconsistency between the expression of the place-value structure of numerals and the expression of arithmetic operands will lead to calculation difficulties. The order inconsistency effect reveals the relationship between language and numerical cognition to a certain extent, but it is not clear how language affects numerical cognition. A series of studies on color categorical perception have shown that secondary task interference and lateralization paradigms are beneficial for revealing the constraint mechanism of language in cognition. Therefore, this study combined these two paradigms with a delayed verification mental addition task involving carry and no-carry problems to explore how the above order inconsistency effect is constrained by language within the same language community through three behavioral experiments. Experiment 1 verified the role of the place-value structure of numerals in addition calculations, which was manifested as a significant order inconsistency effect in addition mental calculation, especially in addition with carrying. Experiments 2 and 3 found that the effect was disrupted by the 1-back interference task of language rather than visual-spatial graph, and there was a right visual field advantage, further revealing the specific role of language in numerical cognition. Based on the lateralized inconsistency effect in addition mental arithmetic, this study not only provides behavioral evidence for the Whorfian effect of numerical cognition but also enriches the understanding of the mechanism of mental arithmetic.

Key words: Whorf hypothesis, number words, place-value structure, mental addition, order inconsistency effect

中图分类号:

G442

徐贵平, 范若琳, 邱丽景, 伍丽梅, 张金桥. 数认知的沃尔夫效应:基于数词位值结构对加法心算的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(6): 840-849.

XU Guiping, FAN Ruolin, QIU Lijing, WU Limei, ZHANG Jinqiao. The Whorfian Effect of Numerical Cognition: The Influence of the Place-value Structure of Number Words on Mental Addition[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(6): 840-849.

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