游戏暴力合理性对攻击性的影响:一个有中介的调节模型

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2018.01.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究基于道德推脱和道德自我调节理论，以62名大学生为被试，通过实验探讨了游戏暴力合理性对个体攻击性的影响，并考察了内疚感的中介作用以及游戏经验的调节作用。结果表明：游戏经验调节了游戏暴力合理性对内疚感和攻击性的影响。对无经验的被试来说，不合理暴力条件下的内疚感显著高于合理暴力条件，攻击性显著低于合理暴力条件；而对有经验的被试来说，合理与不合理暴力条件下的内疚感和攻击性均无显著差异。同时，研究还发现了有中介的调节作用模型，内疚感在暴力合理性对攻击性的影响中发挥中介作用，而游戏经验是有中介的调节变量。

关键词: 暴力视频游戏, 暴力合理性, 游戏经验, 内疚感, 攻击性

Abstract: The present study tested whether individuals would show less aggression and more guilt when virtual violence was unjustified and players were inexperienced, and whether guilt mediated the association between justification of violence and aggression.The experiment employed a 2 (justified/unjustified violence)×2 (experienced/inexperienced players) between-subjects design. Participants (n=62) were dichotomized into inexperienced (n=32) and experienced (n=30) players, and randomly assigned to play either a justified violent game (n=31) or an unjustified violent game (n=31). Game play lasted for approximately 20 minutes. After game play, guilt was tested through self-report method, and aggression was measured by the amount of hot sauce which the participant gave to an ostensible partner who hated spicy food. Results of ANOVAs showed that there were main effects for justification of violence and for video game experience on both guilt and aggression, and there was also a significant interaction between justification and experience for both dependent variables.The results also revealed a mediated moderation.Video game experience moderated the effect of justification of violence on aggression, and the moderating effect of game experience was mediated by guilt.

Key words: violent video game, justification of violence, video game experience, guilt, aggression

衡书鹏, 周宗奎, 孙丽君, 李俊一. 游戏暴力合理性对攻击性的影响:一个有中介的调节模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2018, 34(1): 49-57.

HENG Shupeng, ZHOU Zongkui, SUN Lijun, LI Junyi. Effect of Justification of Video Game Violence on Aggression: A Mediated Moderation Model[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2018, 34(1): 49-57.

参考文献

Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295, 2377-2378.

Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (1986). Affect of the game player:Short-term consequences of playing aggressive video games. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 390-402.

Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 772-790.

Anderson, C. A., Shibuya, A., Ihori, N., Swing, E. L., Bushman, B. J., Sakamoto, A., et al. (2010). Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in Eastern and Western countries:A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 151-173.

Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetrations of inhumanities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 193-209.

Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3, 265-298.

Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31, 101-119.

Barlett, C. P., Harris, R. J., & Bruey, C. (2007). The effect of the amount of blood in a violent video game on aggression,hostility, and arousal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 539-546.

Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459.

Bosche,W. (2010). Violent video games prime both aggressive and positive cognitions. Journal of Media Psychology, Theories, Methods, and Applications, 22, 139-146.

Carnagey, N. L., & Anderson, C. A. (2005). The effects of reward and punishment in violent video games on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior. Psychological Science, 16, 882-889.

Farrar, K. M., Krcmar, M., & McGloin, R. P. (2013). The perception of human appearance in video games:Toward an understanding of the effects of player perceptions of game features. Mass Communication & Society, 16, 299-324.

Gabbiadini, A., Andrighetto, L., & Volpato, C. (2012). Brief report:Does exposure to violent video games increase moral disengagement among adolescents? Journal of Adolescence, 35, 1403-1406.

Gabbiadini, A., Riva, P., Andrighetto, L., Volpato, C., & Bushman, B. (2014). Interactive effect of moral disengagement and violent video games on self-control, cheating, and aggression. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 5, 451-458.

Gasser, L., & Malti, T. (2012). Children's and their friends' moral reasoning Relations with aggressive behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 36(5), 358-366.

Geen, R. G., & Stonner, D. (1974). Aggression anxiety and cognitive appraisal of aggression-threat stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 196-200.

Gentile, D. A., Lynch, P. J., Linder, J. R., & Walsh, D. A. (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 5-22.

Gollwitzer, M., & Melzer, A. (2012). Macbeth and the joystick:Evidence for moral cleansing after playing a violent video game. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 1356-1360.

Greitemeyer, T., & Mügge, D. O. (2014). Video games do affect social outcomes:A meta-analytic review of the effects of violent and prosocial video game play. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40, 578-589.

Grizzard, M., Tamborini, R., Lewis, R. J., Lu Wang., & Prabhu, S. (2014). Being Bad in a Video Game Can Make Us Morally Sensitive. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, & Social Networking, 17(8), 499-504.

Hartmann, T. (2008). Parasocial interactions and new media characters. In E. A. Konijn,S. Utz, M. Tanis, & S. Barnes (Eds.), Mediated interpersonal communication (pp. 177-199).Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.

Hartmann, T. (2012). Moral disengagement during exposure to media violence. In R. Tamborini (Ed.), Media and the moral mind. New York, NY:Routledge.

Hartmann T., Toz E., & Brandon M. (2010). Just a game? Unjustified virtual violence produces guilt in empathetic players. Media Psychology, 13, 339-363.

Hartmann, T., & Vorderer, P. (2010). It's okay to shoot a character:Moral disengagement in violent video games. Journal of Communication, 60, 94-119.

Heberlein, S., & Adolphs, R. (2004). Impaired spontaneous anthropomorphizing despite intact perception and social knowledge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 101(19), 7487-7491.

Huebner, B., Dwyer, S., & Hauser, M. D. (2009). The role of emotion in moral psychology.Trends in Cognitive Science, 13(1), 1-6.

Joeckel S., Bowman N., &Dogruel L. (2012). Gut or game? The influenceof moral intuitions on decisions in video games. Media Psychology, 15, 460-485.

Jordan, J., Mullen, E., & Murnighan, J. K. (2011). Striving for the moral self:The effects of recalling past moral actions on future moral behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(5), 701-713.

Klimmt, C., Schmid, H., Nosper, A., Hartmann, T., & Vorderer, P. (2006). How players manage moral concerns to make video game violence enjoyable. Communications, 31, 309-328.

Lieberman, J. D., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., & McGregor, H. A. (1999). A hot new measure of aggression:Hot sauce allocation. Aggressive Behavior, 25, 331-348.

Lin, S. F. (2011). Effect of opponent type on moral emotions and responses to video game play.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 695-698.

Mahood, C., & Hanus, M. (2015). Role-playing video games and emotion:How transportation into the narrative mediates the relationship between immoral actions and feelings of guilt. Psychology of Popular Media Culture. Advance online publication.

Richmond, J., & Wilson, J. C. (2008). Are graphic media violence, aggression and moral disengagement related? Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 15, 350-357.

Roos, S., Hodges, E. V. E., & Salmivalli, C. (2014). Do Guilt-and Shame-Proneness Differentially Predict Prosocial,Aggressive, and Withdrawn Behaviors During Early Adolescence? Developmental Psychology, 50(3), 941-946.

Sachdeva, S., Iliev, R., & Medin, D. L. (2009). Sinning saints and saintly sinners the paradox of moral self-regulation. Psychological Science, 20(4), 523-528.

Saleem, M., Anderson, C. A., & Gentile, D. A. (2012). Effects of prosocial, neutral, and violent video games on college students' affect. Aggressive Behavior, 38, 263-271.

Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt:Support for a theoretical model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1339-1351.

Turner, J. H., & Stets, J. E. (2006). Moral emotions. In J. E. Stets & J. H. Turner (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of emotions (pp.545-566). New York:Springer.

Vieira, E. T., & Krcmar, M. (2011). The influences of video gaming on US children's moral reasoning about violence. Journal of Children and Media, 5, 113-131.

Weaver, A. J., & Lewis, N. L.(2012). Mirrored morality:an exploration of moral choice in video games. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, & Social Networking, 15, 610-614.

Yee, N., Bailenson, J. N., Urbanek, M., Chang, F., & Merget, D. (2007). The unbearable likeness of being digital:The persistence of nonverbal social norms in online virtual environments. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10, 115-121.

李献云, 费力鹏, 张亚利, 牛雅娟, 童永胜, 杨少杰. (2011).Buss 和Perry 攻击问卷中文版的修订和信效度.中国神经精神疾病杂志, 37(10), 607-613.

叶宝娟, 温忠麟. (2013). 有中介的调节模型检验方法:甄别和整合. 心理学报, 45(9), 1050-1060.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

[1]	颜志强, 周可, 曾晓, 徐惠, 朱晓倩, 张娟. 学前期儿童执行功能与攻击性行为的关系:认知共情的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2023, 39(6): 788-797.
[2]	余思, 张春阳, 徐慰. 特质正念与大学生焦虑和攻击性的纵向关系：心理弹性的中介和留守经历的调节[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2022, 38(5): 711-719.
[3]	董及美, 周晨, 侯亚楠, 赵蕾, 魏淑华. 留守初中生同伴侵害与攻击性的关系:链式多重中介模型[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(5): 615-623.
[4]	张骞. 暴力动画片对5~6岁幼儿攻击性认知的启动效应[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(3): 265-274.
[5]	王玉龙, 陈慧玲, 覃雅兰, 蔺秀云. 青少年自伤行为的自我惩罚功能:源于内疚感还是羞耻感？[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(2): 219-226.
[6]	孙钾诒, 刘衍玲. 非暴力视频游戏中竞争情境对玩家合作倾向和攻击倾向的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2019, 35(1): 32-39.
[7]	滕召军, 刘衍玲, 潘彦谷, 尧德中. 媒体暴力与攻击性：社会认知神经科学视角[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(6): 664-672.
[8]	高学德. 大学生心理控制源与内疚感和羞耻感对反事实思维的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(2): 159-165.
[9]	雷浩, 魏锦, 刘衍玲, 田澜, 潘彦谷, 陈容. 亲社会性视频游戏对内隐攻击性认知抑制效应的实验[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(1): 10-17.
[10]	魏华, 张丛丽, 周宗奎, 金琼, 田媛. 媒体暴力对大学生攻击性的长时效应和短时效应[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2010, 26(5): 489-494.
[11]	李婧洁, 张卫, 甄霜菊, 梁娟, 章聪. 暴力电脑游戏对个体攻击性的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2008, 24(2): 108-112.
[12]	马艳, 寇彧. 亲社会与攻击性儿童在两类假设情境中的社会信息加工特点[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2007, 23(4): 1-8.
[13]	何一粟, 李洪玉, 冯蕾. 中学生攻击性发展特点的研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2006, 22(2): 57-63.
[14]	陈昌凯, 徐琴美. 3～6岁幼儿对攻击性行为的认知评价分析[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2003, 19(1): 5-8.
[15]	张文新, 张福建. 学前儿童在园攻击性行为的观察研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 1996, 12(4): 18-22,34.