不同任务难度条件下认知老化对冲突适应能力的影响

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2017.05.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用任务冲突范式考察在不同任务难度条件下认知老化对个体冲突适应能力的影响。实验1采用经典Flanker任务考察在需要较少认知资源的低难度任务上，老年人与年轻人的冲突适应能力是否有差异；实验2则进一步采用Flanker与Simon任务的交叉整合任务，探讨在需要更多认知资源的高难度任务上，认知老化对冲突适应能力的影响。结果表明在低难度任务条件下，认知老化并未对冲突适应能力产生影响；而当冲突调控所需认知资源超出老化大脑最大代偿潜能时，老年人的冲突适应能力受损严重，认知老化会显著影响冲突适应能力。本研究最终支持了脑功能代偿说和资源限制理论。

关键词: Flanker冲突, Simon冲突, 冲突适应效应, 认知老化, 认知控制

Abstract: The ability of conflict adaptation reflected not only the ability of conflict monitoring, but also the ability of modulating top-down cognitive control based on conflict situations. The paradigm of task conflictions was adopted in two experiments to explore how the conflict adaptation was influenced by aging problem. Experiment 1 used the classical Flanker task to explore whether the conflict adaptation effect would emerge in both the younger and older adults, and if the conflict adaptation effect was different between them. Experiment 2 integrated the Simon and Flanker conflicts together to examine whether there were some differences between them after increasing the difficulty level. Results indicated that cognitive aging have no influence on conflict adaptation in low difficulty condition, however, when the difficulties of conflict task increased, cognitive resources that older adults recruited from other brain areas can't ever compensate for the damage caused by cognitive aging. Our conclusion is that the influence of cognitive aging on conflict adaptation ability is mainly appeared in high difficulty tasks, which supported compensation theory as well as limited cognitive resources theories.

Key words: flanker conflict, simon conflict, conflict adaptation effect, cognitive aging, cognitive control

中图分类号:

B844

宋晓蕾, 李小芳, 赵媛, 何丹. 不同任务难度条件下认知老化对冲突适应能力的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2017, 33(5): 569-576.

SONG Xiaolei, LI Xiaofang, ZHAO Yuan, HE Dan. The Influence of Cognitive Aging on Conflict Adaptation under Different Task Difficulties[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2017, 33(5): 569-576.

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