学前儿童朴素生物学研究新进展:活力因果机制及其应用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 学前儿童倾向于采用活力因果机制,即用生命力的交换和获取来解释与机体有关的生命现象.活力因果解释介于意图因果解释和机制因果解释之间,被认为是专属于生物领域的一种因果认知机制,它的提出为存在独立的朴素生物学理论提供了强有力的证据.4到6岁是活力机制发展的关键时期.同时,在年长儿童和成人对机体生命现象的认识中,这一机制继续发挥着作用,并不会随着儿童年龄的增长被其它因果机制完全取代.探讨可能导致活力因果机制发展差异性的影响因素以及它与其它因果机制的共同作用将是未来研究的方向.

关键词: 活力因果机制, 生命力, 机体生命现象, 朴素生物学

Abstract: When reasoning about bodily biological phenomenons,preschool children tend to choose vitalistic causality which assumes that series of bodily processes are meant to sustain life by taking in and exchanging vital force.Vitalism is considered to be a biological-specific form of causality which is different from intentional and mechanical causality.It develops fast between 4 and 6 years old and continues to exist in older children' and adults' reasoning.In the future some issues need to be discussed further such as how culture and experience affect the development of vitalism as well as the interactions between vitalism and other types of causality.

Key words: vitalistic causality, vital force, bodily biological phenomenon, naive biology

中图分类号:

B844.1

苗晶磊, 胡清芬. 学前儿童朴素生物学研究新进展:活力因果机制及其应用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2012, 28(3): 322-328.

MIAO Jing-lei, HU Qing-fen. New Advances in Preschool Children’s Naive Biology: Vitalistic Causality and its Application[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2012, 28(3): 322-328.

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