大学生问题发现过程的问题行为图研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在潜藏式与矛盾式情境两类问题发现任务中,采用出声思维的方法研究问题发现能力高与低两类各10名大学生问题发现过程的内部认知活动。利用问题行为图技术进行个案分析,着重考察大学生在知识状态、思维操作及问题行为图等方面的表现。基于加工性质把知识编码为陈述性、程序性和策略性知识;基于信息来源编码为情境、内部和推断信息;基于思维关联与转换,把思维操作编码为独立、横向、纵向与元认知思维。研究表明:(1)问题发现中,在内部信息、纵向思维以及纵横交错型行为图的使用频次上,潜藏情境高于矛盾情境;在情境信息、横向思维以及横向平行和横向归纳型行为图的使用频次上,矛盾情境高于潜藏情境。(2)高低能力组被试在知识状态、思维操作与问题行为图的使用上差异均不显著,可能是由于上述方面涉及问题发现的基本认知过程和思维规律,具有普遍性特征。

关键词: 问题发现, 问题行为图, 出声思维, 思维操作, 知识状态

Abstract: The cognitive process of problem finding was compared between the conflict situation and the potential situation by means of thinking aloud.20 university students were selected to undertake the problem finding tasks. Half of them were good at finding problems,and the rest were weak at it.The research found out,in the potential situation the students used inside information,vertical thinking and the crossed problem behavior graphs more frequently than in the conflict situation.In the conflict situation,the students used contextual information,lateral thinking and the problem behavior graphs of horizontal parallel and lateral induction more frequently than in the potential situation.There was no significant difference between two group students in the use frequency of the state of knowledge,thinking operations and the problem behavior graphs.This result may be attributed to a fact,the use of problem behavior graphs was concerned with the basic cognitive process and general rules.

Key words: problem finding, the problem behavior graphs, thinking aloud, thinking operations, the state of knowledge

中图分类号:

B844.3

陈丽君, 郑雪. 大学生问题发现过程的问题行为图研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2011, 27(1): 35-43.

CHEN Li-jun, ZHENG Xue. A Study on the Problem Behavior Graphs of University Students in the Problem Finding Process[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2011, 27(1): 35-43.

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