小学生数学问题解决中视觉空间表征的研究

心理发展与教育 ›› 2005, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 78-82.

小学生数学问题解决中视觉空间表征的研究

徐速

温州师范学院教育科学学院, 浙江, 325015

出版日期:2005-07-15 发布日期:2005-07-15
作者简介:徐速,女(1960- ),温州师范学院教育科学学院副教授.E-mail:xusu6901@126.com

A Study on Visual-spatial Representations in Mathematical Word Problem Solving among Elementary School Students

XU Su

College of Education Science, Wenzhou Normal College, Zhejiang 325015

Online:2005-07-15 Published:2005-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究区分了两类数学应用题:非视觉化题目与视觉化题目,采用数学测验与个别访谈相结合的方法,考察了54名小学四、五、六年级不同学业水平学生的视觉空间表征。结果表明:图式表征在非视觉化题目与视觉化题目上都极大地促进了问题解决,图像表征妨碍非视觉化题目的解决但与视觉化题目的解决无关,并提出图式表征和图像表征在两类题目上有不同的含义。六年级学生的解题成绩及图式表征有显著的提高,但图像表征与年级因素无关。差生的图式表征能力很差,而在视觉化题目上使用图像表征显著地多于优生及中等生。在非视觉化题目的非视觉空间表征与图式表征之间的转换灵活性上,优生表现了明显的优势。

关键词: 数学问题解决, 非视觉化题目, 视觉化题目, 视觉空间表征, 图式表征, 图像表征

Abstract: Two types of mathematical word problems were developed:nonvisual problems(NVP)and visual problems(VP).By using mathematics test and individual interview,this study investigated visual-spatial representations in mathematical word problem solving among 54 elementary school students with different mathematical performance in grade 4,grade 5,and grade 6.The results showed that:Schematic representations promote NVP and VP solving success,whereas pictorial representations may present an obstacle to NVP solving but show no correlations with VP solving;therefore schematic representations and pictorial representations may have different meanings in the two types of mathematical word problems.The students in grade 6 performed better than the others in mathematical problem solving and use of schematic representations,but no grade differences existed in use of pictorial representations.The low-achievers in mathematics were poor in use of schematic representations,but the extent of use of pictorial representations in VP solving was higher than that of high-achievers and average-achievers.The high-achievers performed better than the others in transferring from non-visual-spatial representations to schematic representations in NVP solving.

Key words: mathematical word problem solving, nonvisual problems(NVP), visual problems(VP), visual-spatial representations, schematic representations, pictorial representations

中图分类号:

B844.1

徐速. 小学生数学问题解决中视觉空间表征的研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2005, 21(3): 78-82.

XU Su. A Study on Visual-spatial Representations in Mathematical Word Problem Solving among Elementary School Students[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2005, 21(3): 78-82.

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