Psychological Development and Education ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 153-160.doi: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2023.02.01

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Age Differences in Perceptual Metacognition and Higher-order Metacognition among Children, Youth and Older Adults

DONG Xiaoxiao1,2, LIU Yan1, HU Yaxin3   

  1. 1. College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029;
    2. Zhengzhou Business University, Zhengzhou 451200;
    3. Zhengzhou Huiji District Art Primary School, Zhengzhou 450000
  • Published:2023-03-11

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Abstract: Metacognition is a dynamic regulatory activity centered on monitoring and control. The current study examined the characteristics of metacognitive monitoring and control and their relationship with age at two levels: perceptual metacognition and higher-order metacognition, using a point-choice task and a word pair learning task in 9-year-old children, young adults and older adults. The results were as follows: (1) Children’s perceptual and higher-order metacognitive abilities were mostly lower than those of young adults; (2) Older adults had similar perceptual metacognitive abilities to younger adults, but lower higher-order metacognitive abilities than younger adults; (3) Older adults were as capable as younger adults of using control cues in memory monitoring, whereas 9-year-olds had not yet shown this ability. The present study supports the theoretical hypothesis that perceptual metacognition and higher-order metacognition are domain-specific from a developmental perspective. Furthermore, the development of the relationship between monitoring and control is discussed.

Key words: perceptual metacognition, higher-order metacognition, monitoring, control, development

CLC Number: 

  • B844
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