Psychological Development and Education ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 407-414.

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Cross-Lagged Regression Analysis of Relationship between Self-esteem and Depression in Early Adolescents：Test of Vulnerability Model and Scar Model

DENG Hui-hua, CHEN Hui, ZHONG Ping, LIANG Zong-bao, ZHANG Guang-Zhen   

  1. Research Center of Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
  • Online:2013-07-15 Published:2013-07-15

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Abstract: The present 3-year longitudinal study aimed to explore reciprocal relations between self-esteem and depression in early adolescents after controlled for prior levels of both variables and test vulnerability model and scar model where the vulnerability model hypothesizes that low self-esteem serves as a risk factor for depression and the scar model hypothesizes that low self-esteem is an outcome, not a cause, of depression. Self-esteem and depression were measured with Rosenberg self-esteem scale and children's depression inventory-short version in 598 adolescents from Nanjing junior middle school at Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3. Cross-lagged regression analyses for the total samples showed that depression at Grade 1 negatively predicted self-esteem at Grade 2; moreover, depression at Grade 2 also negatively predicted self-esteem at Grade 3 and simultaneously self-esteem at Grade 2 negatively predicted depression at Grade 3. These results indicated that the two variables were reciprocally related to each other and their reciprocal relation varied with time and that vulnerability model and scar model are not mutually exclusive and can operate simultaneously. Additionally, there was a significant gender difference in the causality between self-esteem and depression among early adolescents. The gender difference showed a time-dependence. For girls, the causality between self-esteem and depression was the same as the total samples. In contrast, only depression at Grade 2 negatively predicted self-esteem at Grade 3 for boys.

Key words: Self-esteem, Depression, Early adolescents, Vulnerability model, Scar model

CLC Number: 

  • B844.2

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