儿童在回答无意义问题时的反应倾向与年龄特征

心理发展与教育 ›› 2008, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 18-22.

儿童在回答无意义问题时的反应倾向与年龄特征

李庆功¹, 蒋文明³, Amanda Waterman², 徐芬¹

1. 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室, 北京, 100875;
2. University of Durham, UK;
3. 安徽大学哲学系, 合肥, 230039

出版日期:2008-04-15 发布日期:2008-04-15

The Tendency of Children’s Response to Nonsensical Questions and its Age Difference

LI Qing-gong¹, JIANG Wen-ming³, Amanda Waterman², XU Fen¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875;
2. University of Durham, UK.;
3. Department of Philosophy, Anhui University, Hefei 230039

Online:2008-04-15 Published:2008-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究设计了无意义问题来考察5、6、81、0岁共128名儿童在回答问题时的反应倾向。研究结果发现:(1)5~10岁儿童在回答无意义问题时,存在猜测答案的倾向,且受问题形式的影响。较开放问题,儿童在面对封闭问题时猜测答案的倾向更强烈。(2)在无意义的非比较问题上,随年龄的增长,儿童猜测答案的倾向更强烈。(3)5~10岁儿童回答封闭的非比较问题时存在否定反应倾向,但在封闭的比较问题上则不存在这种倾向。

关键词: 猜测答案倾向, 否定回答倾向, 问题形式, 无意义问题

Abstract: 128 five to ten yearold children from Beijing were asked to answer 24 simply questions.Half of the questions were sensible base on general knowledge;the other half were nonsensical for these questions could not be answered based on general knowledge. Accordingly,their correct answers should also be "I don't know" or something like this. The results showed:(1)Chinese children had a tendency to speculate or guess answers when they answered nonsensical questions,and the question format affected children's response tendency,there were more correct answers to open questions then closed questions when answering nonsensical questions. (2) there were differences among ages,older children gave more correct answers then younger on nonsensical questions not included a comparison. (3) children answered rare "No" then "Yes" to closed nonsensical questions not included a comparison,but not to closed nonsensical questions included a comparison.

Key words: tendency to speculate, negative response bias, nonsensical questions, question format

李庆功, 蒋文明, Amanda Waterman, 徐芬. 儿童在回答无意义问题时的反应倾向与年龄特征[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2008, 24(2): 18-22.

LI Qing-gong, JIANG Wen-ming, Amanda Waterman, XU Fen. The Tendency of Children’s Response to Nonsensical Questions and its Age Difference[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2008, 24(2): 18-22.

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