语言范畴可否引起偏侧化颜色范畴知觉？

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2020.01.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究考查了语言范畴是否会引起偏侧化颜色范畴知觉，并探讨了偏侧化颜色范畴知觉是语言范畴即时分类颜色还是长期与颜色联结的结果。实验中，以测量差别阈限的方法选定的渐变、相邻颜色知觉距离相当的A、B、C、D四种颜色（A、B为绿色，C、D为蓝色）为材料，以色词与颜色重组模式训练被试用4个人造词汇分别命名4种颜色，并让被试在训练前、第一次训练和第八次训练后均完成视觉搜索任务测试。经训练，原范畴内颜色（AB，CD）变成了范畴间颜色，原范畴间颜色（BC）仍为范畴间颜色。结果显示：被试在一次训练后能以新名字区分4种颜色，八次训练后掌握了4种颜色的新名字；在训练前测试中，出现了与蓝绿色相应的偏侧化颜色范畴知觉；在第八次训练后测试中，出现了与习得的语言范畴相应的偏侧化颜色范畴知觉，但在第一次训练后测试中并未出现这一效应。这些结果表明，语言范畴能引起偏侧化颜色范畴知觉，偏侧化颜色范畴知觉是语言范畴长期与颜色联结，而非即时分类颜色的结果。

关键词: 沃尔夫假说, 颜色范畴知觉, 语言范畴, 范畴学习, 颜色分类

Abstract: The present study investigated whether lexical categories could produce lateralized categorical perception (CP) of color, and whether lateralized color CP depends on learned lexical categories or color discrimination. In an experiment, four gradual colors, such as A (green), B (green), C (blue) and D (blue) were used. These colors were equated in the number of just-noticeable differences. Participants were trained to name the four colors with four meaningless syllables, and to finish a visual search task before training, after the first and the eighth training session, respectively. After training, both the within-and between-category colors became between-category colors. The data showed that:(1) participant could discriminate the four colors by their new names after the first training session, and learned the new names of the four colors after the eighth training session; (2) in the visual search task before training, there was a lateralized color CP corresponded to the green-blue categories; (3) in the visual search task after the eighth rather than the first training session, there was a lateralized color CP corresponded to the newly learned categories. These results suggested that lexical categories can produce lateralized color CP and that lateralized color CP depends on learned lexical categories rather than color discrimination.

Key words: whorf hypothesis, color categorical perception, lexical category, learned category, color discrimination

钟伟芳, 汝涛涛. 语言范畴可否引起偏侧化颜色范畴知觉？[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(1): 1-9.

ZHONG Weifang, RU Taotao. Do Lexical Categories Produce Lateralized Categorical Perception of Color?[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2020, 36(1): 1-9.

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