摘要： 儿童语言获得有普遍性,但也存在某些差异。经分析,影响和决定儿童语言获得普遍性和差异的是同样的四个因素:第一个因素是语言本身有普遍性,但不同语言也存在一些差异;第二个因素是人脑和言语器官有普遍性,但发育水平有差异;第三个因素,儿童的认知发展有普遍性,但存在的某些差异能促进或限制语言获得;第四个因素是儿童与成人的语言交际、成人的语言教援和儿童相应的模仿学习。以及儿童本身的选择性和主动创造性。总之,儿童的语言获得是在人脑和语言器官发育和认知发展的基础上,在与成人和其他儿童的交际过程中,经过成人的言语教授(示范、强化、扩展和激励)和儿童有选择的模仿学习,并经概括而成的。因此,我们不能否认人脑和语言器官、认知发展的作用;同样,我们也不能否认成人言语教授和儿童模仿学习的作用,以及儿童本身在语言获得过程中表现在选择和概括两个方面的主动性和创造性的作用。
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