右视野颜色范畴知觉是长期习得语言范畴还是即时分类颜色的结果?

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2016.01.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究探讨了右视野颜色范畴知觉是由长期习得语言范畴还是即时分类颜色引起的。实验1让被试先将深绿、浅绿、浅蓝和深蓝四种颜色分为四种范畴,再接受视觉搜索任务。结果发现,视觉搜索任务中出现了与颜色分类相应的右视野颜色范畴知觉,且这一效应在任务的早段就表现出来,提示右视野颜色范畴知觉并非由分类颜色所引起。实验2让被试将四种渐进的蓝色分为两种范畴,并在之前与后接受视觉搜索任务。结果表明,分类后的视觉搜索中并未出现右视野颜色范畴知觉。先前研究表明,习得语言范畴使四种颜色为两种范畴后,颜色辨别会出现右视野范畴效应。因此,这一结果提示右视野颜色范畴知觉并非由分类颜色,而是由习得语言范畴所引起的。总体上,本研究提示右视野颜色范畴知觉是由长期习得语言范畴,而非即时分类颜色引起的,进一步揭示了语言与颜色知觉的关系。

关键词: 沃尔夫假设, 颜色范畴知觉, 语言范畴, 范畴学习, 颜色分类

Abstract: The present study investigated whether right visual field (RVF) lateralized categorical perception (CP) of color depends on learned categories or color discrimination. Experiment 1 asked participants to finish a color discrimination task to distinguish four gradual colors, such as dark green, light green, light blue and dark blue, into four categories firstly, and then to complete a visual search task. The reaction times data showed that there was a significant RVF color CP in the whole and the early part of visual search task, suggesting that the RVF color CP depended on learned categories primed by color discrimination task, rather than color discrimination. Experiment 2 asked participants to finish a color discrimination task to distinguish four gradual blues into two categories, and to complete a visual search task before and after the discrimination task. The previous studies have shown that, distinguishing the four blues into the same two categories by learning lexical categories could produce RVF color CP. However, the result of this experiment showed that there was no such RVF color CP in the visual search task after the color discrimination task, suggesting that RVF color CP depended on learned categories rather than color discrimination. In short, the present study showed that RVF color CP depended on learned categories rather than color discrimination, promoting the study on the relationship between language and perception.

Key words: whorf hypothesis, color categorical perception, lexical category, learned category, color discrimination

中图分类号:

B844

钟伟芳, 汝涛涛, 莫雷. 右视野颜色范畴知觉是长期习得语言范畴还是即时分类颜色的结果?[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2016, 32(1): 1-8.

ZHONG Weifang, RU Taotao, MO Lei. Does Categorical Perception of Color Depend on Learned Categories or Color Discrimination?[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2016, 32(1): 1-8.

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