文本表述和结构对小学生数学应用题表征的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以450名小学生为被试,探讨了文本表述和结构对小学生数学应用题表征成绩的影响。采用2(难度)×2(题材熟悉度)×5(措辞类型)×3(年级)四因素混合设计。结果表明:不同文本表述和结构对小学生解决数学应用题的影响不因年级的不同而不同;概念性措辞问题和情境性措辞问题都促进了小学生数学应用题的表征成绩;在容易问题中,额外信息对表征成绩影响较大;在较难问题中,数学运算关系难度对表征成绩影响较大;当解决文本背景较简单的标准措辞问题时,题材熟悉度对小学生的理解产生较大影响;文本长度对问题解决的影响取决于所增加的文本是否对理解问题的句法关系和语义情景有益。

关键词: 文本表述和结构, 题材熟悉度, 数学应用题, 情境模型

Abstract: 450 primary school students as subjects, discussed the effects of text presentation and structure on primary school students' performance on math word problems representation. used 2 (Difficulty) ×2 (Familiarity) ×5 (Types of rewordings) x 3 (Grade) four-factor mixed design. Results showed that:different text presentation and structure affect primary school students' performance in math word problem-solving independent of the student's Grade; Both Conceptual rewordings problem and situational rewordings problem promote primary school students' performance on math word problems representation; In easy problems, additional information affect performance on math word problems representation significantly; In difficult problems, the difficulty of the math relations affect on math word problems representation significantly; When primary school students solve standard rewordings problems whose's text background is compact , familiarity has a greater impact on student's problem understanding; Whethere the added text affect the students' performance on math word problems representation or not , it depends on the length of the added text whether help to understand the syntactic relations and semantic scene of problem.

Key words: Text presentation and structure, Familiarity, Math word problems, Situation model

中图分类号:

G441

邢强, 单永明. 文本表述和结构对小学生数学应用题表征的影响[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2013, 29(3): 292-298.

XING Qiang, SHAN Yong-ming. The Effects of Text Presentation and Structure On Primary School Students’Representation of Math Word Problems[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2013, 29(3): 292-298.

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