摘要： 发现学习是一种与直接指导相对的教学方法,长期以来都是教育理论家争论的一个基本问题,但是发现学习这个概念一直以来更多地只是代表着一个哲学信念或教育学的一种意识形态,而不是一种在实际中应用的有实证研究支持和引导的教学方法.该文对发现学习的内涵和起源进行了解析,更重要的是从实证研究的角度探讨了近年来发现学习和直接指导的争议与整合,在此基础上提出了促进学习者发现学习的基本途径,包括恰当选择和组织学习内容、系统性导向性的提问并要求自我解释、鼓励自我总结概括等,最后还指出了发现学习研究的教育意义和可能的发展方向.
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