“说出即相信”效应:基于共享现实的解释

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.01.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在日常对话中,发言者向听众传达信息时通常会偏向于听众的态度,且发言者随后的记忆也会发生改变,这就是“说出即相信”(Saying-Is-Believing, SIB)效应。前人研究曾通过基本信息过程和认知失调来解释这一效应,但是近期的共享现实理论提出,由于认知动机和关系动机驱动着发言者与听众创建共享现实,在交流对话的过程中,发言者根据共享现实会即时调整自己的输出信息,同时这种调整也会影响发言者的长时记忆,产生SIB效应。未来研究应聚焦于共享现实理论解释SIB效应中仍存在的困难与挑战,利用社会认知神经科学的手段提高SIB研究的外部效度,同时开展本土SIB研究并探索其在应用领域发挥的作用,构建更加系统完善的共享现实理论体系。

关键词: “说出即相信”效应, 共享现实, 认知动机, 关系动机

Abstract: In the process of interpersonal communication, speakers usually adjust their oral output according to the characteristics of the audience, which is called the audience-tuning effect. Meanwhile, speakers’ memory of the output information was changed in a long-term period, which is called the “Saying-Is-Believing” (SIB) effect. Early theories (the basic information process and the cognitive dissonance) had attempted to explain this phenomenon, but the research evidence remained controversial. According to the recent shared reality theory, humans are driven by epistemic motivation and affiliative motivation to work with others to build a shared reality representation of the world, which leads to the SIB effect. Future studies should explore the challenges and revelations of shared reality theory in explaining the SIB effect. In addition, researchers should also combine the methods of social cognitive neuroscience to explore the neural process and its cognitive explanation of the SIB effect on a broader scale and pay more attention to the widespread application of the SIB effect in real life.

Key words: “saying-is-believing” effect, shared reality, epistemic motivation, affiliative motivation

中图分类号:

B844

崔梓芊, 张环, 刘希平. “说出即相信”效应:基于共享现实的解释[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2025, 41(1): 145-152.

CUI Ziqian, ZHANG Huan, LIU Xiping. The “Saying-Is-Believing” Effect: From the Perspective of Shared Reality Theory[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2025, 41(1): 145-152.

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